激光选区熔化制备316L不锈钢力学性能研究  

Study on mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting

作　　者：裴智奥 张宁[2] 陶俊杰 葛进国 PEI Zhiao;ZHANG Ning;TAO Junjie;GE Jinguo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng 224051,Jiangsu,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xuzhou University of Technology,Xuzhou 221018,Jiangsu,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541010,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城工学院机械工程学院,江苏盐城224051 [2]徐州工程学院机电工程学院,江苏徐州221018 [3]桂林电子科技大学机电工程学院,广西桂林541010

出　　处：《金属加工(热加工)》2025年第2期34-41,48,共9页MW Metal Forming

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M750584);江苏省产学研合作项目(BY20230206);徐州市科技计划项目(KC23313、KC23404);桂林市科技计划项目青年创新人才专项(20220125-2);广西制造系统与先进制造技术重点实验室主任课题(22354S016);徐州工程学院重大培育项目(2024)。

摘　　要：为了探究选区激光熔化制备316L不锈钢的力学性能,通过SLM、热轧及热轧后固溶处理制造出3种316L不锈钢试样,观察试样微观组织并采用拉伸、3点弯曲和冲击试验对其力学性能进行研究和对比分析。结果表明:SLM样品的抗拉强度和弯曲强度与传统成形的同质材料相比优势明显,但塑性和韧性较差。一方面由于SLM成形过程中快速熔化和快速冷却导致晶粒十分细小且排布致密,以及熔合界面处的变形阻力,因此导致材料的强度显著提高;另一方面认为是成形过程中形成了非平衡的微观组织结构,样品内部不同部位收缩及膨胀变形趋势不一致,内部残余应力不可避免,导致塑性偏低,伸长率下降。因热加工硬化的影响及升温使晶粒发生回复、再结晶和长大,使内应力减小,导致热轧态力学性能略高于固溶态。拉伸及冲击试验断口形貌显示,SLM样品呈现出脆性断裂特征,而热轧态和固溶态两者均表现出明显的韧性断裂特征且固溶态韧窝相对较少但尺寸较大,具有更好的塑性。In order to investigate the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting,this study fabricated three types of 316L stainless steel samples through SLM,hot rolling,and solution treatment after hot rolling.The microstructure of the samples was observed,and their mechanical properties were studied and compared using tensile,three-point bending,and impact tests.The results showed that the tensile strength and bending strength of SLM samples were significantly superior to those of homogeneous materials formed by traditional methods,but their plasticity and toughness were poor.On the one hand,due to the rapid melting and cooling during SLM forming,the grains were very small and densely arranged,as well as the deformation resistance at the fusion interface,resulting in a significant increase in the strength of the material.On the other hand,it is believed that a non-equilibrium microstructure is formed during the forming process,and the shrinkage and expansion deformation trends of different parts inside the sample are inconsistent.Residual stresses inside are inevitable,resulting in low plasticity and decreased elongation.Due to the influence of hot work hardening and the recovery,recrystallization,and growth of grains caused by heating,the internal stress is reduced,resulting in slightly higher mechanical properties in the hot-rolled state than in the solid solution state.The fracture morphology of the tensile and impact tests shows that the SLM sample exhibits brittle fracture characteristics,while both the hot-rolled and solid solution states show obvious ductile fracture characteristics,and the solid solution state has relatively fewer toughness dimples but larger size,with better plasticity.

关 键 词：316L不锈钢 选区激光熔化 力学性能 固溶处理 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]