大气边界层中风力机载荷及功率特性的实验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WIND TURBINE LOAD AND POWER CHARACTERISTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER

作　　者：郭兴铎 李银然[1,2] 李仁年 魏魁[1] 马清东 Guo Xingduo;Li Yinran;Li Rennian;Wei Kui;Ma Qingdong(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Gansu Provincial Technology Center for Wind Turbines,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2025年第1期9-16,共8页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划(22JR5RA231);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划(2022CYZC-27);兰州理工大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划。

摘　　要：该文在风洞中构建出两种平均风切变指数和湍流强度的大气边界层风场,并开展均匀来流和大气边界层条件下风力机载荷及功率特性的实验研究。结果表明:风力机偏航运行时,机组轴向载荷减小,疲劳载荷增大,随着偏航角增大,风轮功率系数减小,最优叶尖速比降低。在大气边界层来流条件下,风轮平均倾覆力矩系数和功率系数较均匀来流增大,机组疲劳载荷、极端载荷,及输出功率的非定常特性显著增加,且功率系数的概率分布更符合高斯分布。此外,风轮功率系数频谱与大气边界层来流速度频谱存在一定程度的关联性,在耦合区间出现Φ_(p)/Φ_(u)-f^(-2)的幂率关系。而功率系数频谱在超过约3倍转频后基本维持水平趋势,表明湍流来流与输出功率的调制作用在该频率处开始解耦,解耦后风力机功率输出受湍流来流的影响较弱,其功率谱响应主要取决于风轮的自身特性。In this study,two atmospheric boundary layer wind fields characterized by mean wind shear index and turbulence intensity were generated in wind tunnel.Subsequently,the load and power characteristics of wind turbines were experimentally investigated under uniform incoming flow and generated atmospheric boundary layer conditions.The results show that the axial load of the wind turbine decreases,while the fatigue load increases when it is yawing.Additionally,the turbine power coefficient and optimal tip velocity ratio both decrease as the yaw angle increases.Under the inflow condition of the atmospheric boundary layer,both the mean bending moment coefficient and power coefficient of the wind turbine exhibit an increase compared to the uniform inflow condition,The fatigue load,extreme load and unsteady characteristics of output power increase significantly,and the probability distribution of power coefficient aligns more closely with a Gaussian distribution.Additionally,the wind turbine power coefficient spectrum exhibits a certain level of correlation with the atmospheric boundary layer incoming velocity spectrum,and within the coupling interval,there exists a power rate relationship ofΦ_(p)/Φ_(u)-f^(-2).When the frequency exceeds approximately three times the rotation frequency,the power coefficient spectral curve exhibits a predominantly horizontal trend,indicating the decoupling of modulation effects between turbulent incoming flow and power output.Following this decoupling,wind turbine power output is minimally influenced by turbulent incoming flow,with its spectral response primarily dependent on wind turbine characteristics.

关 键 词：水平轴风力机 大气边界层 湍流 功率 载荷 风洞实验 

分 类 号：TK89[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]