铁路有砟轨道铺轨机自动巡航走行定位技术研究  

Automatic Cruise Running and Positioning Technology of Railway Ballasted Track Laying Machine

作　　者：文竹 徐宏[1] WEN Zhu;XU Hong(China Railway First Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁一局集团有限公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《施工技术(中英文)》2024年第24期117-120,133,共5页Construction Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2601000)。

摘　　要：铺轨机的走行方向精度直接影响后续拨道工作量,如精度较低,将增加后期拨道工作量。通常的做法是由人工提前在线路中心采用尼龙绳拉出1条线路中心线,铺轨机驾驶员在驾驶室控制铺轨机沿该条尼龙绳行驶。尤其是在小半径曲线地段,该条人工拉出的中心线是1条多段折线,导致铺轨机铺轨完成后,线路中心误差非常大,造成后期拨道量较大,对新铺线路达到过车条件产生很大影响。所提及的铺轨机自动巡航走行定位技术,通过将线路设计参数导入该系统,由系统自动形成铺轨机组规划走行路径,隧道外采用卫星导航、隧道内采用全站仪导航的多种定位方案,控制机组沿规划好的走行路径自动巡航走行,从而实现智能铺轨作业。该方法综合运用北斗、GPS、全站仪、物联网等多种先进定位技术,采用“交点法”“差分法”、全站仪引导等多种导航路径规划方式,将原有“放引导线巡线导航”作业模式升级为“自动巡航走行定位”作业模式,原来靠现场测量规划当天作业路径,现在1h可规划上千公里路径,原来2h设置500m引导线再进行铺轨,现在利用北斗、GPS定位可瞬间进入铺轨模式,利用全站仪定位引导,10min即可锁定铺轨机并开始铺轨,采用该技术,隧道外铺轨中线精度可达±20mm,隧道内铺轨中线精度可达±10mm,铺轨精度提高2倍,提升了铺轨质量和作业效率,降低了施工成本,可为工程线逐步提速创造第一个有利条件。The accuracy of the running direction of the track laying machine directly affects the workload of subsequent track laying.If the accuracy is low,it will increase the workload of subsequent track laying.The usual practice is to manually pull out a centerline from the center of the track using a nylon rope,and the track laying machine driver controls the machine to travel along the nylon rope in the cab.Especially in small radius curve sections,the manually drawn centerline is a multi segment broken line,which results in a significant center error of the track after the track laying machine completes the track laying,causing a large amount of track adjustment in the later stage and greatly affecting the new track to meet the conditions for passing vehicles.The automatic cruise positioning technology of the track laying machine mentioned in this paper is achieved by importing the line design parameters into the system,and the system automatically forms a planned path for the track laying unit.Multiple positioning schemes,including satellite navigation outside the tunnel and total station navigation inside the tunnel,are used to control the unit to automatically cruise along the planned path,thus realizing intelligent track laying operations.This method comprehensively utilizes various advanced positioning technologies such as Beidou navigation system,GPS,total station,and the Internet of Things.It adopts various navigation path planning methods such as intersection point method,difference method,and total station guidance,upgrading the original“laying and guiding line patrol navigation”operation mode to“automatic cruising and positioning”operation mode.Originally,it relied on on-site measurement to plan the daily operation path,but now it can plan thousands of kilometers of path in one hour.Originally,a 500 meter guide line was set in two hours for track laying;Now,it uses Beidou navigation system and GPS positioning which can instantly enter the track laying mode,using a total station for positioning guida

关 键 词：铁路 有砟轨道 铺轨机 自动巡航 走行定位 

分 类 号：U215[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]