“明诗第一”之议的批评史意义  

The Significance of the Debate on“The Premier Poet of the Ming Dynasty”in the History of Criticism

作　　者：余来明[1] YU Lai-ming(The Center of Traditional Chinese Culture Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第5期128-136,共9页Journal of Lanzhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国学术话语古今演变研究”(22JJD750042);国家社会科学基金人才项目“中国现代学术话语的生成与建构研究”(22VRC181)。

摘　　要：在明清文学批评当中,谁为明诗第一人是一个引起颇多关注的议题。明人因为身处同代,往往针对某一特定时段而言,未就一代诗史作总体评判,其间更多体现批评者的当代意识。清人从检讨一代诗史角度出发,真知与偏见互为交错,扬抑之间,将前后七子、公安、竟陵等排除在一流诗人之外,而以高启、刘基为明代诗歌的杰出代表。明清批评家围绕“明诗第一”话题做出选择背后,反映的是诗学统系意识、宗法观念等方面的分野,以及对明代诗歌经典作家认定的分歧。由此体现在明代诗学批评当中,“第一”话语也成为明人进行诗史建构的重要观念。In Ming and Qing literary criticism,the question of who was the premier poet of the Ming Dynasty has garnered considerable attention.Ming critics,being contemporaries,often focused on specific periods without making an overall judgment on the poetry of the entire dynasty,reflecting more of the critics’con-temporary consciousness.Qing critics approached the issue from the perspective of reviewing the poetry his-tory of the entire dynasty,intertwining insight with prejudice,and in their evaluations,excluded groups such as the Former and Latter Seven Masters,the Gong’an,and Jingling schools from the first-class poets,by high-lighting Gao Qi and Liu Ji as outstanding representatives of Ming poetry.The choices made by Ming and Qing critics regarding“the premier poet of the Ming Dynasty”reflect differences in poetic lineage conscious-ness,patriarchal notions,and disagreements over the recognition of classic Ming poets.Thus,in Ming poetic criticism,the discourse of ranking“the premier”became an important concept for constructing the history of Ming poetry.

关 键 词：明代诗人 诗学观念 诗歌批评史 明代诗世界 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]