何以跳脱时间困境:算法控制对零工工作者影响效应的主观时间边界  

How to break out of time dilemma:The subjective time boundaries for the effects of algorithmic control on gig workers

作　　者：王红丽[1] 陈政任 李振 刘智强[2] 梁翠琪 赵彬洁 WANG Hongli;CHEN Zhengren;LI Zhen;LIU Zhiqiang;LIANG Cuiqi;ZHAO Binjie(School of Business Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学工商管理学院,广州510641 [2]华中科技大学管理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第2期275-297,I0002-I0004,共26页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72172047,71872066,72432003);广东省基础与应用基础研究项目(2023A1515010718);广东省社科类社会组织扶持项目(GD2023SKFC45)资助。

摘　　要：零工工作者在算法控制下可能被迫做出更多的短期抉择,是其在看似自由的工作面前更为实际的当下生存抉择。然而,过往研究却未能将其明确纳入研究框架。本研究基于生命史理论,创新性提出算法控制下的时间困境本质,并进一步探讨了“在时间困境中,算法控制是如何迫使零工工作者做出短期抉择以及该如何破局”的问题。具体而言,通过两阶段时间滞后田野调查和实验室实验,考察了算法控制影响零工工作者主动服务行为的作用机制及主观时间边界。研究发现:作为解开时间困境的钥匙,职业未来时间观缓解了零工工作者感知算法控制与角色宽度之间的负向关系,及其通过角色宽度对主动服务行为的负向间接影响,而不同零工行业类型影响了职业未来时间观的发挥。结论有助于推动对算法控制下的时间困境的思考,并为零工工作者如何跳脱困境提供启示。judgment of the algorithmic autonomy paradox,the impact of time oppression on gig workers may be more intuitive and stronger,but previous studies have failed to incorporate it into the research framework explicitly.Based on life history theory,we innovatively proposed the nature of the time dilemma of algorithmic control and further explored the question of“How does algorithmic control become a time dilemma, and how can gig workers escape from the time dilemma?” In Study 1, we developed a two-stage time lag survey of 522 gig workers. The participants were randomly sampled from a large-scale gig worker HRM service platform enterprise in South China, which employed gig workers for major express delivery and takeaway enterprises. At Time 1, gig workers reported their perceived algorithmic control, occupational future time perspective, gig industry type, and other control variable data. At Time 2, gig workers reported their proactive customer service performance and role breadth. In Study 2, we divided the experiment into three parts. In the first part, participants from express delivery enterprises and takeaway or instant delivery enterprises completed the measure of occupational future time perspective. In the second part, participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: the perceived algorithmic control condition, where they read an article discussing algorithmic control, and the control condition, where they read a work culture article unrelated to algorithmic control. In the third part, participants answered questions about role breadth and other control variable data. Firstly, we found that perceived algorithmic control, as a temporal dilemma, could limit the role breadth of gig workers in the immediate space. Second, occupational future time perspective, as an abstract cognitive process of unconsciously constructing the future in occupational contexts, was associated with specific social goals. Occupational future time perspective strongly motivated gig workers to transcend the im

关 键 词：感知算法控制 时间困境 角色宽度 主动服务行为 职业未来时间观 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]