海产物种体内微塑料的赋存、来源及其潜在人体健康风险  

Occurrence,sources and potential human health risk of microplastics in seafood species

作　　者：王建军[1,2] 王昊 牟明杰[3] 赵雅婷 闫志永 李欣雨 宋一乐 刘卓苗 赵建 Jianjun Wang;Hao Wang;Mingjie Mou;Yating Zhao;Zhiyong Yan;Xinyu Li;Yile Song;Zhuomiao Liu;Jian Zhao(Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Institute of Costal Environmental Pollution Control,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266071,China;Shouguang Marine Fishery Development Center,Weifang 262700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266071 [3]寿光市海洋渔业发展中心,潍坊262700

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第2期223-239,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(42192572);国家自然科学基金(U2106213);山东省“泰山学者”计划(tsqn201909051);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(202141003,202241011)资助。

摘　　要：微塑料(microplastics,MPs)污染已成为全球备受关注的环境问题.目前,海洋环境已成为全球MPs污染的“汇”.海产物种可以通过多种途径从海洋环境中摄入MPs,其生长、繁殖和营养品质等必然会受到MPs污染的影响.海产品作为人类获取优质蛋白的重要来源,摄食MPs污染的海产品可能对人类健康构成潜在威胁.因此,本文归纳总结了全球常见海产物种(如甲壳类、双壳贝类和鱼类等)体内MPs的赋存水平,并探讨了影响其污染水平的因素(如MPs形状、生物摄食方式和栖息地等).此外,明晰了海产物种中MPs的主要来源(陆源输入、船运排放、大气沉降和渔业活动),特别强调了渔业活动对海洋环境和海产物种MPs污染的重要贡献.同时,阐明了MPs对海产物种的生长发育、氧化应激、免疫反应和生殖能力等方面的毒性效应,及其对海产物种营养品质带来的负面影响;进一步归纳了海产物种中MPs污染对人体健康的潜在风险;最后,对海产物种中MPs的污染防治策略及其生态风险等方面的未来研究方向进行了建议和展望.本文有助于科学评估海产物种体内MPs可能引发的食品安全问题和人体健康风险.Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a global environmental concern,and the ocean is a known sink for MPs.The marine environment provides the necessary living space and suitable environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of seafood species.Meanwhile,MPs in the marine environment would be inevitably ingested by seafood species.Seafood species are of major importance to human beings,which are considered an important source of highquality proteins and provide a wide range of healthful micronutrients.However,the growth,development and nutritional quality of seafood species are necessarily affected by MPs pollution,thus resulting in potential threats to seafood species and human health.Therefore,MPs pollution in seafood species has become an important and non-negligible issue in MPs pollution.This review summarizes the occurrence and distribution of MPs in global seafood species(e.g.,crustaceans,bivalves,and fishes).The results indicate that MPs have been widely detected in seafood species all over the world,and the abundance range of MPs in the seafood species is 0–140 particles/individual,with the highest MPs concentration detected in American oysters(Crassostrea virginica,140 items/individual).The ingestion behavior(e.g.,swallowing-,filtering-and sucking-feeding)of the MPs for seafood species and the MPs contamination levels within the habitat of the seafood species are the main factors that affect the level of MPs pollution in their bodies.Besides,the particle size of MPs in seafood species ranges from 0.006–5 mm,which is mainly restricted by the detection limit of the instrument.The results also show that fiber-shaped MPs are the most frequently detected shape in seafood species,as fibers are more likely to be trapped or entangled in the gill of seafood species compared to other shapes(such as fragment,particle and film).In order to effectively regulate the contamination of MPs in seafood species at source,the sources of MPs in seafood species are elucidated in depth,including terrigenous inpu

关 键 词：海洋微塑料 海产物种 赋存 毒性效应 人体健康风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503.1