光纤技术在石窟寺岩体监测中的探索研究——以安岳石窟为例  

Application and Prospects of Fiber Optic Technology in Cave Temple Monitoring——A Case Study of the Anyue Grottoes in Sichuan

作　　者：李黎 陈卫昌 邵明申 徐东升 刘建辉 都奎建 汪洋 LI Li;CHEN Weichang;SHAO Mingsheng;XU Dongsheng;LIU Jianhui;DU Kuijian;WANG Yang(China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [2]武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2024年第4期4-15,共12页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1520600);国家高层次人才特支计划(2017、2023)。

摘　　要：监测工作是石窟寺预防性保护的重要内容。岩土工程领域诸多成熟的监测技术被应用于石窟寺监测,为石窟寺保护研究提供了极大便利。然而,受石窟寺文物属性的影响,传统监测手段往往难以满足石窟寺监测效率、精确度、实时性、持续监控能力等要求,石窟岩体内部错综复杂的物质、状态和运动界面的定位与动态观测仍是重要难题。光纤技术因其长距离、无源、耐久性好、抗干扰性强等优点,在地质与岩土工程防灾减灾领域中得到广泛应用和快速发展。在四川安岳圆觉洞顶板保护加固工作中,对光纤技术进行针对性改性研发和应用,结果表明光纤监测技术有效克服了监测精度不足、参数不全、点式漏监等局限,实现了石窟顶板岩体变形和温度的长期高精度监测,捕捉到了微环境扰动下石窟岩体变形特征。光纤技术在石窟岩体结构监测中具有较高的可行性和较强的应用潜力,有望为大型不可移动文物监测研究提供更丰富的技术支撑。Monitoring of cave temples is an important part of the preventive measures used to protect cultural heritage sites.However,due to the high degree of damage sustained by many temples,the complex properties of rock masses in the caves,as well as the variety of structural changes occurring in the rock masses under multiple geological forces,the instruments currently used to monitor the deformation of the rock masses used to construct cave temples still have difficulty obtaining information on the positioning of these complex materials and the changes occurring inside the rock masses.Fiber optic technology has been widely applied and rapidly developed in the fields of geological and geotechnical engineering disaster prevention in recent years due to its good durability and strong anti-interference,as well as its ability to operate over long distances.This paper focuses on the targeted modification of fiber optic technology,which has been successfully applied to the monitoring of rock deformation on the roof of Yuanjue Cave at the Anyue Grottoes in Sichuan province.The results show that fiber optic monitoring technology has effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring accuracy,incomplete parameters,and point type leakage monitoring;successfully achieved long-term,high-precision monitoring of rock deformation and temperature changes in the caves;and managed to accurately capture the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock masses even accounting for micro-environmental disturbances.Fiber optic technology has high feasibility and strong application potential for monitoring rock mass structures in the cave temples of China,and is expected to be able to provide richer technical support for the monitoring and research of cultural heritage sites.

关 键 词：石窟 光纤技术 结构监测 岩体变形 

分 类 号：K879.29[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]