大足北山石刻122号诃利帝母龛造像彩绘颜料及相关研究  

Research on the Pigment Layers in Niche 122 among the Beishan Rock Carvings in Dazu

作　　者：雷雨 陈卉丽 何静 仉文岗[3] 朱书茵 LEI Yu;CHEN Huili;HE Jing;ZHANG Wengang;ZHU Shuyin(Dazu Engraving Research Institute,Chongqing 402360,China;Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,School of Conservation Science&Technology for Cultural Heritage,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]大足石刻研究院,重庆402360 [2]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [3]重庆大学,重庆400045 [4]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海200433

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2024年第4期16-27,共12页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：重庆市大足区科技发展项目(DZKJ,2021ABB1001);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项(cstc2021jxjl00004);重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001)。

摘　　要：诃利帝母是我国佛教石窟艺术中最为流行的题材之一。大足石刻北山佛湾122号诃利帝母龛造像保存较好、雕刻精美、色彩丰富,是具有代表性的南宋佛教造像。本研究综合运用光学显微镜、拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜等现代分析检测技术对诃利帝母造像展开了颜料组成和工艺绘制的研究,以期为后期宋代造像和工艺认知保护提供支撑和借鉴。表征结果显示,该龛造像彩绘中红色颜料包括铁红(Fe2O3)、朱砂(HgS)及铅丹(Pb3O4);蓝色颜料包括群青(Na6Al4Si6S4O20)和硫酸铜矿[Cu4(OH)6SO4];绿色颜料包括橄榄铜矿[Cu2(As O4)(OH)]和氯铜矿[Cu Cl2·3Cu(OH)2];白色颜料包括石膏(Ca SO4)和高岭土[Al2Si2O5(OH)4]。此外,彩绘剖面结构揭示该龛多处具有双层及多层颜料,推测曾经历多次重绘。Images of the Buddhist god Hariti is one of the most popular themes in Buddhist cave temple art in China.The statue of Hariti in Niche 122 among the Beishan rock carvings in Dazu,which is exquisitely carved,richly colored,and very well-preserved,is one of the most representative Buddhist statues from the Southern Song dynasty.This study comprehensively utilizes modern analytic techniques such as optical microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the pigment composition and painting techniques used to create this statue,hoping to provide statistical support for understanding the craftsmanship of statues from the late Song dynasty.The analysis results indicate that the red pigments used in this niche contain iron oxide red[Fe_2O_3],cinnabar[Hg S]and red lead[Pb_3O_4];the blue pigments are made of ultramarine(Na_6Al_4Si_6S_4O_(20))and brochantite[Cu_4(OH)_6SO_4];the green pigments include copper arsenate hydroxide[Cu_2(AsO_4)(OH)]and atacamite[Cu Cl_2·3Cu(OH)_2];and the white pigments contain anhydrite(Ca SO_4)and kaolinite[Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4].In addition,a cross-section of the pigment layers suggests that there are at least two layers of paint,and that the niche was repainted several times after its creation.

关 键 词：大足石刻 诃利帝母造像 颜料分析 多层彩绘 

分 类 号：K879.27[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]