美国投资安全审查制度对中国的歧视性适用及国际法约束  

Discriminatory Application of the US Foreign Investment Security Review and Its International Law Boundaries

作　　者：沈伟[1] 陈徐安黎 Shen Wei;Chen Xuanli

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030 [2]上海交通大学凯原法学院欧盟法研究中心,上海200030

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2024年第12期97-108,共12页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国全球单边经济制裁中涉华制裁案例分析与对策”(21&ZD208)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国投资安全审查制度的扩张和对关键技术领域的限制是国际投资领域国家安全泛化的重要体现,在很大程度上具有武器化、工具化和政治化的特征,对中国的国家安全和经济发展造成严重影响,亟需国际法约束。由于中美之间缺乏双边投资协定,世界贸易组织(WTO)规则是约束美国投资安全审查制度的国际法基础。美国投资安全审查制度对中国的歧视性适用违反了最惠国待遇、国民待遇和市场准入义务,援引安全例外作为抗辩理由也缺乏法理依据。中国应有效利用WTO争端解决机制,倒逼美国限制对中国歧视性适用投资安全审查制度,促使政治性话语回归法律话语,为保障中国投资者在美合法权益提供国际法救济。The expansion of the scope of the United States'system of security review for foreign investment and restrictions on critical technology sectors are significant manifestations of the generali-zation of national security in the field of international investment.These measures are largely charac-terized by their weaponization,instrumentalization,and politicization,severely affecting China's na-tional security and economic development,and urgently require the limitations imposed by interna-tional law.In the absence of a bilateral investment treaty between China and the United States,the rules of the World Trade Organization(WTO)serve as the foundation of international law to con-strain the United States'system of security review for foreign investment.The discriminatory appli-cation of the United States'system of security review for foreign investment against China violates the obligations of most-favored-nation treatment,national treatment,and market access,and invoking security exceptions as a defense lacks a legal basis.China should utilize the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to compel the United States to limit the discriminatory application of its system of security review for foreign investment against China,prompting the return of politicized discourse to legal dis-course,and providing international legal remedies to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese investors in the United States.

关 键 词：投资安全审查制度 WTO规则 最惠国待遇 国民待遇 安全例外 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学] D81[政治法律—国际法学]