基于开环反应构建高性能可降解阳离子聚合物及其生物应用  

High-performance Degradable Cationic Polymers Based on Ring-opening Reactions and Their Biological Applications

作　　者：赵亚琪 孙玉洁 俞丙然 徐福建[1] Ya-qi Zhao;Yu-jie Sun;Bing-ran Yu;Fu-jian Xu(College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子学报》2025年第2期200-214,共15页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号22122501,22475015)资助.

摘　　要：不可降解的阳离子聚合物会在体内累积,会对人类健康造成潜在危害,限制了阳离子聚合物的应用.因此,开发生物相容性高、可降解性能好的阳离子聚合物材料具有重要意义.开环反应是获得可降解阳离子聚合物的方法之一,使阳离子聚合物具有更好的可降解性能及生物安全性.本文主要介绍了3种基于开环反应的可降解阳离子聚合物的构建策略,包括“一锅法”多胺基多环氧的开环反应、N-羧基环内酸酐(NCA)开环聚合和双硫交换反应,不同的构建策略制备出具有独特结构的可降解阳离子聚合物,包括支化阳离子聚合物、多肽阳离子聚合物、聚二硫化物,不同的结构赋予了可降解阳离子聚合物更高的性能.此外,对高性能可降解阳离子聚合物在核酸递送、抗菌等方面的生物应用进行了总结.Non-degradable cationic polymers can accumulate in the body,which can cause potential harm to human health and limit the application of cationic polymers.Therefore,it is important to develop cationic polymer materials with high biocompatibility and good degradability.Ring-opening reaction is one of the methods to obtain degradable cationic polymers with better degradability and biosafety.In this review,three strategies for the construction of degradable cationic polymers based on ring-opening reactions are presented,including the one-pot poly-amine and poly-epoxy ring-opening reaction,the ring-opening polymerization of Ncarboxyanhydride(NCA),and the bisulfide-exchange reaction.The degradable cationic polymers with unique structures were prepared by the different construction strategies,including branched cationic polymers,peptide cationic polymers,and polydisulfides.Different structures endowed the degradable cationic polymers with higher performance.In addition,the biological applications of high performance degradable cationic polymers in nucleic acid delivery and antibacterial applications are summarized in this review.

关 键 词：阳离子聚合物 开环反应 可降解 递送载体 抗菌材料 

分 类 号：TQ3[化学工程]