不同灌溉方式的灌溉用水效率及影响因素分析  

Analysis of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency and Influencing Factors Under Different Irrigation Methods

作　　者：李婷 修长百 李洁 LI Ting;XIU Changbai;LI Jie(School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学经济管理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《人民黄河》2025年第2期124-130,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：内蒙古自治区教育厅重点人文社科项目(NJSZ22505);内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2022MS07021);内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升专项(BR220205);内蒙古农业大学人文社科重点项目(2021ZD04)。

摘　　要：基于内蒙古东、中、西部714份玉米种植户的调研数据,探究不同灌溉方式下农户的灌溉用水效率及其影响因素,应用随机前沿模型(SFA)对大水漫灌、喷灌和浅埋滴灌3种不同灌溉方式的农业灌溉用水效率进行测算,并运用Tobit模型探究不同灌溉方式的灌溉用水效率的影响因素。结果表明:1)大水漫灌、喷灌和浅埋滴灌样本的灌溉用水效率差异较大,浅埋滴灌的灌溉用水效率集中在60%~80%范围内,而大水漫灌和喷灌分别集中在30%~70%、40%~80%范围内;2)从生产技术效率看,3种不同灌溉方式的灌溉用水效率均有一定提高空间;3)大水漫灌、喷灌和浅埋滴灌在灌溉用水效率的影响因素方面有显著差异,浅埋滴灌通过显著性检验的因素明显多于喷灌和大水漫灌的。浅埋滴灌是提高灌溉用水效率的重要灌溉方式,应加快大水漫灌和喷灌向浅埋滴灌转型、提升农户节水意识及劳动力受教育水平、加快规模化生产、提高农业机械化水平等,促进灌溉用水效率的提高。Based on the survey data of 714 corn growers in the eastern,central and western regions of Inner Mongolia,the paper explored the irrigation water use efficiency and influencing factors of farmers under different irrigation methods.The stochastic frontier model(SFA)was used to measure the agricultural irrigation water efficiency of three different irrigation methods,namely flood irrigation,spray irrigation and shallow buried drip irrigation,and the Tobit model was used to explore the influencing factors of irrigation water efficiency of different irrigation methods.The results show that a)there is a significant difference in irrigation water efficiency values among the samples of flood irrigation,spray irrigation and shallow drip irrigation.The irrigation water efficiency value of shallow drip irrigation is concentrated in the range of 60%-80%,while flood irrigation and spray irrigation are concentrated within the range of 30%-70%and 40%-80%respectively;b)From the perspective of production technology efficiency,there is room for improvement in irrigation water efficiency for three different irrigation methods;c)There are significant differences in the influencing factors of irrigation water efficiency among flood irrigation,spray irrigation and shallow drip irrigation.Shallow drip irrigation has significantly more factors that pass the significance test than spray irrigation and flood irrigation.Shallow buried drip irrigation is an important irrigation method to improve irrigation water use efficiency.Measures such as accelerating the transition from flood irrigation and spray irrigation to shallow buried drip irrigation,enhancing farmers'water-saving awareness,strengthening labor education,speeding up large-scale production and improving the level of agricultural mechanization should be taken to promote the improvement of irrigation water efficiency.

关 键 词：灌溉用水效率 生产技术效率 灌溉方式 SFA-Tobit模型 

分 类 号：F325.2[经济管理—产业经济]