基于数字化模型的建筑屋面光伏组件倾角参数化优化设计方法研究  

Study on Parametric Optimal Design Method of Building Roof Photovoltaic Panel Tilt Angle Based on Digital Modelling

作　　者：刘伟[1] 魏大森 吕嘉怡 王瑶[2,3] 胡谨裕 LIU Wei;WEI Dasen;LYU Jiayi;WANG Yao;HU Jinyu(School of Architecture,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710061,China;Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学建筑学院,西安710061 [2]清华大学,北京100084 [3]中国建筑科学研究院,北京100013 [4]华北电力大学,北京102206

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第12期67-79,共13页Building Science

基　　金：陕西省2023年自然科学基础研究计划项目“碳中和目标下的光伏建筑一体化设计与应用研究”(2023-JC-YB-468)。

摘　　要：在光伏建筑一体化设计过程中,优化光伏组件倾角对建筑光伏发电效率与降低碳排放量的提高具有重要意义。当前对于不同地区条件下光伏组件倾角的高效优化设计方法仍有所缺失,因此本文将参数化技术与建筑屋面光伏系统的数字化设计过程相结合,对光伏组件倾角的优化找形方法进行研究。首先分析太阳辐射与光伏系统发电量之间的线性关系,而后针对西安市某旧工业厂房屋面进行光伏系统组件与布局设计,并将光伏组件的工作模式分为全年倾角不变与全年倾角可变2种情况分别设定实验组进行倾角优化找形和发电量模拟,在各实验组优化找形过程中首先建立光伏系统数字化模型并使用环境气候分析模块Ladybug模拟计算其接收的太阳辐射量,而后应用单目标优化模块Galapagos与多目标优化模块Wallacei进行光伏组件倾角的优化找形,最后对各组倾角结果应用PVsyst软件进行发电量仿真模拟,分析得出光伏组件在倾角不变与倾角可变条件下对应的最优倾角数值,同时结合数学函数模型得出全年时段内光伏组件最优倾角的变化曲线,并对其全生命周期内相应减少的碳排放量与经济性问题进行计算与分析。经过研究结果可知本文所应用的光伏组件倾角参数化优化找形方法切实有效,实现了对建筑光伏系统的优化设计,以期对未来光伏建筑一体化的设计方法起到参考作用。The optimization of photovoltaic(PV)panel tilt angles is important for the improvement of building PV power generation efficiency and reduction of carbon emissions in the PV building integration design process.Currently,there is still a lack of efficient and optimal design methods for PV panel tilt angles under different regional conditions.Thus,this paper combined parametric design with the digital design process of building roof PV systems to study the optimization of PV panel tilt angles.First,the linear relationship between solar radiation and power generation of PV system was analyzed,and then the PV system components and layout were designed for the roof of an old industrial plant in Xi'an,and the working mode of PV panels was divided into the two cases of a constant tilt angle throughout the year and variable tilt angles throughout the year,respectively,to set up experimental groups for tilt angle optimization and simulation of power generation.In the optimization of each experimental group,a digital model of the PV system was first set up.Moreover,the solar radiation received was calculated by using the environmental climate analysis module Ladybug before the single-objective optimization module Galapagos and the multi-objective optimization module Wallacei were applied to the optimization of the PV panel tilt angles,and the results of the tilting angle of each group were finally used in the power generation simulation with the software PVsyst.An analysis was conducted to obtain the optimal tilting angles under the conditions of constant tilting angles and variable tilting angles.Meanwhile,the optimal tilt angle of the PV panels was further combined with the mathematical function model to obtain the curve of the optimal tilt angle of the PV panels in the annual period,and corresponding carbon emission reduction and economic issues were calculated and analyzed in their whole life cycle.The research findings showed that the parametric design-based tilt angle optimization method applied in this paper is effe

关 键 词：光伏建筑一体化 光伏组件倾角 参数化设计 遗传算法 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：TK514[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]