热塑性聚氨酯基杂化纳米复合材料的导电和拉伸应变传感性能  

Conductivity and Stretchable Strain Sensing Performances of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-based Hybrid Nanocomposites

作　　者：闫茂昌 黄汉雄[1] Mao-chang Yan;Han-xiong Huang(Laboratory for Micro/Nano Molding&Polymer Rheology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学,广东省高分子先进制造技术及装备重点实验室,微/纳成型与流变学研究室,广州510640

出　　处：《高分子学报》2025年第1期124-134,共11页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号52073096);广东省自然科学基金(基金号2023A1515010793)资助.

摘　　要：采用湿法刻蚀MAX相的方法,制备了少层二维过渡金属碳化物(MXene)纳米片;采用溶液混合和模压成型制备不同碳纳米管(CNT)、MXene和杂化CNT/MXene含量的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)基纳米复合材料.结果表明,杂化CNT/MXene有效提高了纳米复合材料的导电性能,MXene含量从0.2 wt%增加至0.4 wt%使TPU/CNT(0.8 wt%)纳米复合材料的电导率提高5个数量级.扫描电镜观测和流变性能测试结果表明,这归因于TPU内杂化CNT/MXene形成了良好的导电网络.对具有较高导电率的4种TPU/CNT/MXene纳米复合材料(即CNT含量固定为0.8 wt%、MXene含量为0.4 wt%~1.0 wt%)的拉伸应变传感性能进行对比研究.有意义的是,发现MXene含量为0.8 wt%的纳米复合材料呈现更高的应变传感性能,其应变因子最高为7.5.该纳米复合材料在不同的循环拉伸/释放测试中表现良好的响应和恢复性能、较高的循环响应稳定性和重复性,且能准确检测手指弯曲、手腕弯曲和低头这些人体运动产生的电阻信号.研究表明,采用杂化CNT/MXene并选择合适的含量,在聚合物基体内形成良好的导电网络,可明显提高纳米复合材料的导电和拉伸应变传感性能.Few-layer two-dimensional transition metal carbide(MXene)nanosheets were successfully prepared by using wet etching MAX phase.Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)-based nanocomposites with different contents of carbon nanotubes(CNT),MXene,and hybrid CNT/MXene were prepared by solution mixing and compression molding.It was demonstrated that the hybrid CNT/MXene effectively improves the conductivity of the nanocomposites.The conductivity of the TPU/CNT(0.8 wt%)nanocomposite is enhanced by five orders of magnitude as increasing the MXene content from 0.2 wt%to 0.4 wt%.This can be attributed to the development of good conductive network of the hybrid CNT/MXene in the TPU according to the results of scanning electron microscope observation and rheological tests.The stretchable strain sensing performances were comparatively investigated on four TPU/CNT/MXene nanocomposites with higher conductivities(i.e.,fixing the CNT content at 0.8 wt%and varying the MXene contents of 0.4 wt%−1.0 wt%).It was interestingly found that the nanocomposite with 0.8 wt%MXene exhibited the highest strain sensing performance with the highest gage factor of 7.5.This nanocomposite exhibits good response and recovery performance,higher cycle response stability and repeatability in different cyclic stretching/release tests,and can accurately monitor the resistance signals generated by the human movements,such as finger bending,wrist bending,and head lowering.The results demonstrate that the conductivity and stretchable strain sensing performance of the nanocomposites can be significantly improved through incorporating the hybrid CNT/MXene and choosing its suitable content to develop the conductive network in the nanocomposites.

关 键 词：热塑性聚氨酯基纳米复合材料 二维过渡金属碳化物 导电性能 拉伸应变传感 流变行为 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]