影响良种油茶出油率的环境与技术因素调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Environmental and Technical Factors Affecting the Oil Yieldon Improved Camellia oleifera Abel

作　　者：刘柄昂 陈希才 房彩林 蒋春艳 许升 周修权 Liu Bing'ang;Chen Xicai;Fang Cailin;Jiang Chunyan;Xu Sheng;Zhou Xiuquan(Chenzhou Forestry Bureau,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China;Guiyang Forestry Bureau,Guiyang 423400,Hunan,China;Chenzhou Beihu District Forestry Service Center,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China;Chenzhou Forestry Branch of Old Science and Technology Association,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]郴州市林业局,湖南郴州423000 [2]桂阳县林业局,湖南桂阳423400 [3]郴州市北湖区林业服务中心,湖南郴州423000 [4]郴州市老科协林业分会,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第21期81-85,89,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：针对桂阳县新造8800 hm2良种油茶林现状进行了调查。结果表明:同一区域夏末秋初(7、8、9月份)不同的降雨量,不同的母岩土壤类型对茶籽出油率影响显著。2020年7、8、9月降雨量在288 mm以上的相同区域茶籽出油率接近23%以上;2021年7、8、9月降雨量在159.9 mm以下的相同区域与降雨量在269.2 mm区域茶籽出油率相差8%~10%;2022年7、8、9月降雨量在99.0 mm以下的相同区域与降雨量在138.0 mm区域茶籽出油率相差1%~3.9%。石灰岩红壤区茶籽出油率比砂页岩红壤区少7.1%~8%;不同整地方式,抚育方式和摘收时间这些主观因素对茶籽出油率的影响次之,为4%~10%。建议选好造林地是油茶稳产、高产的基础;建好标准化园地是稳产、高产的技术保障;营建良好的生产环境,保证林农增收;继续争取项目,加快实施水肥一体化工程,种植密度控制在60株/667m2左右;种植油茶纳入农业补贴范围。Based on the condition of 8800 hm 2 of recently planted Camellia oleifera Abel stands in Guiyang County,a survey was conducted.The results indicated that different soil types of the parent rock have a significant impact on the oil yield of the Camellia oleifera Abel seed in the same area in the late summer and early autumn(July,August,and September).In 2021,the oil yield of Camellia oleifera Abel seed in the same location that had less than 159.9 mm of rainfall in July,August,and September was 8%~10%lower than that of the area that received 269.2 mm of rainfall.The oil yield of Camellia oleifera Abel seed in 2022 varied by 1%~3.9%between the same place with rainfall of 138.0 mm and below 99.0 mm in July,August,and September.When compared to sand and shale-red soil areas,the oil yield of Camellia oleifera Abel seed in limestone-red soil areas was 7.8%~9%lower.Subjective factors like harvesting time,cultivating techniques,and different land preparation methods had the second-highest impact on oil yield,accounting for 4%~10%of the difference.It is recommended to choose suitable afforestation sites as the foundation for stable and high yield of Camellia oleifera Abel;building standardized gardens is a technical support for stable and high yields;a favorable production environment is created to ensure increased income for forest farmers;projects should be strived to accelerate the implementation on Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer.The planting density was controlled at about 60 plants/667m 2;The cultivation of Camellia oleifera Abel is included in the scope of agricultural subsidies.

关 键 词：良种油茶 出油率 调查分析 桂阳县 

分 类 号：S663[农业科学—果树学]