水利测雨雷达在四川省的应用与思考  

The application and thinking of water conservancy rain radar in Sichuan Province

作　　者：常高松 陈曜 甘亚斌 田宇航 王慈德 周家文[2] 范刚 吴礼福 杜鹏 韦一 邓钧元 Chang Gaosong;Chen Yao;Gan Yabin;Tian Yuhang;Wang Cide;Zhou Jiawen;Fan Gang;Wu Lifu;Du Peng;Wei Yi;Deng Junyuan

机构地区：[1]四川省水文水资源勘测中心,成都610036 [2]四川大学水利水电学院山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,成都610044 [3]中科星图亿水(四川)科技有限公司,成都610213 [4]四川水发勘测设计研究有限公司,成都610072 [5]成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司,成都610051 [6]成都远望探测技术有限公司,成都610200

出　　处：《中国水利》2025年第2期42-51,共10页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合项目(U20A20111)。

摘　　要：四川省川西高原、攀西地区及盆周山区等地山高坡陡、沟壑纵横,传统降水量监测和预报手段存在多方面制约。水利测雨雷达能够精准监测近地面2 km的空中雨,且具有外推1~3 h的预报能力,能够提升预报精度、延长预见期、缩短预警时间、增加预演场景、细化预案措施,有力推动水旱灾害防御“四预”工作。以四川省科技赋能防灾减灾救灾“揭榜挂帅”项目“一次榜单”为契机,聚焦四川川西高原、攀西地区及盆周山区等地常发的山洪泥石流灾害,通过研发二维轻量化X波段相控阵双极化测雨雷达提升测雨精度,研发适用于无人区的地面降水观测设备,研究雷达组网技术和降水反演算法,研发捕捉山洪泥石流灾害“前兆信号”“演进过程”的智能监测设备,构建“天空地”一体化融合监测感知体系,建立山洪泥石流多源异构监测数据的融合机制,搭建中小流域洪水预报及山洪灾害预警预报平台,力求弥补山洪泥石流易灾区面雨量监测精度不足的短板,提升中小河流洪水防御和山洪泥石流灾害临灾监测预警预报能力。Traditional precipitation monitoring and forecasting methods face constrains such as steep slope and crisscrossing gully in the western Sichuan Plateau,Panxi region,and surrounding mountainous areas in Sichuan Province.Since it can accurately monitor airborne rain up to 2 km near the ground and extrapolate forecast for 1-3 hours,the rain radar improves forecast accuracy,extends the forecast period,shortens warning time,increases rehearsal scenarios and refines contingency plan,as an effective measure of“forecasting,early warning,rehearsal and contingency planning”.In order to empower disaster reduction by science and technology during the implementation of the“First List”projects,more attention has been paid on the western Sichuan Plateau,Panxi region and surrounding mountainous areas where mountain flood and mudslide are occurred frequently.By means of developing a two-dimensional lightweight X-band phased array dual polarization rain radar,we created ground precipitation observation equipment for unmanned area;developed radar networking technology and precipitation inversion algorithms and intelligent monitoring devices that capture the“precursor signals”and“evolution process”of mountain flood and mudslide;built an integrated monitoring and perception system of“sky ground”,a fusion mechanism of multi-source heterogeneous monitoring data of flash floods and mudslides,and a platform for flood forecasting and early warning in small and medium-sized watersheds,so as to improve accuracy of precipitation monitoring in vulnerable areas and build capacity for flood control in small and medium-sized rivers.

关 键 词：四川省 水利测雨雷达 山洪 泥石流 防灾减灾 

分 类 号：TV12[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]