中华革命党的党内救济及其困境  

The Intra-party Relief and Its Dilemmas of the Chinese Revolutionary Party

作　　者：赵琳琳 Zhao Linlin

机构地区：[1]广东省社会科学院历史与孙中山研究所,广州510635

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2025年第1期116-127,286,共13页Social Sciences in Guangdong

摘　　要：中华革命党时期,救济生活困难的海内外党员是孙中山难以轻视的经费支出。这既缘于二次革命后袁世凯政府严厉打击革命党的客观环境,也体现了作为革命党魁的孙中山挽救几近涣散的党组织的个人魄力。但因流亡时期党内经济左支右绌,救济党员的费用时常与起义经费混为一谈,继而产生起义经费被极大压缩的“反噬”现象。1915年5月,孙中山宣告停止救济、遣散在日党员,设法“倾注才力财力”于一途,这一决定引发了党内对遣散问题的激烈争论,甚至转向入党誓约与党章的合理性、干部人才臧否以及应否联络海外各处革命同志等诸多问题的讨论。救济党员问题的背后,折射出中华革命党内部在经费运用及组织认同等层面存在严重分歧。During the period of the Chinese Revolutionary Party,providing relief to party members who were experiencing financial difficulties was an expenditure that Sun Yat-sen could not afford to overlook.This was determined not only by the objective environment in which the Yuan Shi-kai government severely cracked down on the revolutionary party after the Second Revolution,but also reflected Sun Yat-sen’s personal charisma as the leader of the revolutionary party in rescuing the nearly disintegrated party organization.However,due to the financial constraints within the party during its exile,the funds for relieving party members were often mixed up with the funds for uprisings,leading to a“backlash”phenomenon where the funds for uprisings were significantly reduced.In May 1915,Sun Yat-sen announced the cessation of relief and the dismissal of party members in Japan,striving to“concentrate his talents and financial resources”on one path.This decision sparked heated debates within the party over the issue of dismissals,and even led to discussions on the reasonableness of the party’s oath and constitution,the evaluation of cadre talents,and whether or not to liaise with revolutionary comrades overseas.Behind the issue of relieving party members,there were serious disagreements within the Chinese Revolutionary Party regarding the use of funds and organizational identity.

关 键 词：中华革命党 孙中山 党内救济 组党理念 组织认同 

分 类 号：K258.3[历史地理—历史学]