长18世纪中的法国与大西洋世界  

France and the Atlantic World in the Long Eighteenth Century

作　　者：艾伦·弗雷斯特 闫波桥(译) 庞冠群(校)[3] Alan Forrest

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]北京大学历史学系 [3]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2024年第2期168-195,共28页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：18世纪是法属大西洋的黄金期,商人自美洲航行获利颇丰。一些人直接与法属加勒比殖民地交易,为当地居民运来面粉、葡萄酒和其他制成品,并载着蔗糖、靛蓝和烟草返航;另一些人投资于贩奴,将船先派往西非,再横跨大西洋,在法属圣多明各或瓜德罗普出售奴隶并装载回程货物,但利润无法保证。连绵战火扰乱了航线,迫使许多人放弃跨大西洋商贸或转向私掠巡航。废奴运动及其带来的道德拷问动摇了社会对贩奴的肯定。1792年起,革命和对英海战给许多商人带来了灾祸,导致法国西部港口破产、凋敝,失去法属圣多明各则摧毁了他们赖以为生的种植园经济。1815年恢复和平后,一些商人试图重开大西洋商贸,另一些人则视多元贸易为必需,与印度洋、印度和中国拓展商业联系。The eighteenth century was a golden age for the French Atlantic,with merchants making undreamt-of profits from voyages to the Americas.Some traded directly with France's Caribbean colonies,taking flour,wine and industrial products for the colonists and returning with cargoes of sugar,indigo and tobacco;others invested in slaving,sending their ships to West Africa before crossing the Atlantic to sell the slaves in Saint-Domingue or Guadeloupe,where they would take on return cargoes.But profits were not guaranteed.Repeated wars disrupted the sea lanes and forced many to abandon transatlantic commerce or turn to privateering.Abolitionism and the moral challenges it posed undermined confidence in the slave trade.From 1792,revolution and naval wars with Britain spelt disaster for many merchants,leading to bankruptcies and to recession in the west-coast ports,while the loss of Saint-Domingue destroyed the plantation economy on which they had come to depend.Though some tried to resume Atlantic trade after the return of peace in 1815,others saw the need to diversify,expanding their commercial links with the Indian Ocean,India and China.

关 键 词：法国 大西洋商业 战争 废奴 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]