轴类过盈配合结构抗微动疲劳优化机理分析  

Mechanism Analysis of Anti⁃fretting Fatigue Optimization for Shaft Interference Fit Structure

作　　者：李传龙 陈翰 鲁连涛[2] 曾东方[2] LI Chuanlong;CHEN Han;LU Liantao;ZENG Dongfang(Locomotive Development Department,CRRC Dalian Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116022,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车大连机车车辆有限公司机车开发部,辽宁大连116022 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道学报》2025年第1期63-70,共8页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52272381)。

摘　　要：基于比例车轴疲劳试验,分析微动疲劳强度随直径比和过渡圆弧半径的变化趋势,发现微动疲劳强度随直径比的增大而增大,随过渡圆弧半径的增大而减小。但车轴设计标准中校核微动疲劳强度的名义应力不随结构的变化而变化,因此需找到真正衡量车轴微动疲劳强度的力学参量,阐明结构变化对微动疲劳强度的影响机理。采用临界距离法结合MWCM、Dang Van多轴疲劳准则,用相应的等效应力评估微动疲劳强度随直径比和过渡圆弧半径的变化趋势。结果表明:用等效应力评估的微动疲劳强度与实测微动疲劳强度随比例车轴结构的变化趋势一致。将等效应力评估方法应用于实际轮轴,发现预测的强度随结构的变化趋势和比例车轴一致。可以推定,临界距离法结合MWCM、Dang Van多轴疲劳准则的等效应力强度评估方法可以反映铁路车轴真实微动疲劳强度随结构的变化,阐明直径比和过渡圆弧尺寸的变化对车轴真实微动疲劳强度的影响机理,为铁路车轴抗微动疲劳结构优化提供理论支撑。Based on the fatigue test of proportional axle,an analysis was made on the variation trend of fretting fatigue strength with diameter ratio and transition arc radius.It is found that the fretting fatigue strength increases with the in⁃crease of diameter ratio and decreases with the increase of transition arc radius.However,the nominal stress for checking fretting fatigue strength in axle design standard does not change with the change of structures.Therefore,it is necessary to find the mechanical parameters that truly measure the fretting fatigue strength of axles and explain the mechanism of the influence of structural changes on fretting fatigue strength.The critical distance method combined with MWCM,Dang Van multiaxial fatigue criterion was used to evaluate the variation trend of fretting fatigue strength with diameter ratio and transition arc radius based on corresponding equivalent stress.The results show that the fretting fatigue strength evaluated by equivalent stress is consistent with the of the equivalent stress evaluation method being applied to the actual wheel ax⁃le,it is found that variation trend of measured fretting fatigue strength with proportional axle structure.In the case the predicted strength variation trend with structure is consistent with that of the proportional axle.It can be inferred that the critical distance method combined with the equivalent stress strength evaluation method of the MWCM,Dang Van mul⁃tiaxial fatigue criterion can reflect the changes in the true fretting fatigue strength of the railway axle with the structure and clarify the influence mechanism of the changes in the diameter ratio and the transition arc size on the real fretting fa⁃tigue strength of the axle,providing theoretical support for the optimization of railway axle structures against fretting fatigue.

关 键 词：铁路车轴 微动疲劳 多轴疲劳 强度评估 结构优化 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程]