不同灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻光合特性、农艺性状及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Agronomic Traits and Nitrogen Use of Rice

作　　者：张超 郑恩楠 顾鹤南 赵小勇 ZHANG Chao;ZHENG Ennan;GU He'nan;ZHAO Xiaoyong(Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310000,China;School of Hydraulic and Electricpower,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江同济科技职业学院,杭州310000 [2]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第6期945-955,共11页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：水灾害防御全国重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金资助项目(2022490911);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZJWY22D010002)。

摘　　要：以“陇青3号”水稻为材料,设置控制灌溉和漫灌2种灌溉方式,施氮量分别为0,60,85,110,135,160 kg/hm^(2)6个氮素水平,研究不同灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻光合作用、荧光特性、农艺性状的影响。结果表明:控制灌溉方式下,施氮处理的全生育期比不施氮处理的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))分别增加了6.70%~31.74%,18.39%~49.04%和16.91%~38.48%(P<0.05);漫灌方式下,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别增加12.13%~28.20%,14.40%~18.35%和0.40%~8.18%(P<0.05)。2种灌溉方式下细胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i))为150~350μmol/mol,差异不显著(P>0.05)。水稻拔节期和抽穗期,110 kg/hm^(2)和135 kg/hm^(2)施氮量处理的F_(o),F_(m),F_(s)及辐射利用效率(R_(UE))均优于其他处理。相比漫灌方式,控制灌溉方式的R_(UE)值较大(1.60a>1.52c)。在农艺性状中,茎粗和叶面积对氮素吸收利用具有合理的临界值(135 kg/hm^(2)),超过最佳氮肥施用量不利于水稻生长。株高随施氮量的增加而增加,以施氮量160 kg/hm^(2)最高。通过半变异函数模型进一步分析发现,茎粗和叶面积具有中度的空间自相关,由空间自相关引起的空间异质性程度较高,说明由随机部分引起的空间异质性程度较大,但株高的空间相关性较弱。综上,控制灌溉比漫灌氮素利用率高,最佳施氮量为110 kg/hm^(2)。"Longqing No.3"rice was used as material,two irrigation methods were set up:controlled irrigation and flood irrigation.Nitrogen application levels were 0,60,85,110,135 and 160 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The effects of different irrigation methods and nitrogen application levels on photosynthesis,fluorescence and agronomic traits of rice were studied.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor affecting photosynthetic characteristics compared with irrigation.Under con trolled irrigation,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductivity(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r))were increased by 6.70%-31.74%,18.39%-49.04% and 16.91%-38.48%,respectively(P<0.05).Under flood irrigation,net photosynthetic rate(P n),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r))were increased by 12.13%-28.20%,14.40%-18.35% and 0.40%-8.18%,respectively(P<0.05).The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C i)between the two irrigation methods was 150-350μmol/mol,and no significant difference was found between the two irrigation methods(P>0.05).F_(o),F_(m) and F_(s) of 110 kg/hm^(2) and 135 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilization treatments were better than other treatments,and radiation utilization efficiency(R_(UE))was also better than other treatments.Compared to flood irrigation,R_(UE) value of the control irrigation was higher(1.60a>1.52c).In agronomic traits,stem diameter and leaf area had a reasonable critical value(135 kg/hm^(2))for nitrogen uptake and utilization,and exceeding the optimal nitrogen application rate was not conducive to growth.Plant height increased with the increase of N application,with the maximum of 160 kg/hm^(2).Further analysis by the semi-variance function model showed that stem diameter and leaf area had moderate spatial autocorrelation,with a high degree of spatial heterogeneity caused by spatial autocorrelation,indicating that spatial heterogeneity caused by random components was relatively large,while spatial correlation of plant height was weak.Therefore,controlled irrigation had bette

关 键 词：水稻 灌溉方式 施氮量 光合作用 农艺性状 氮素 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]