南海海洋热浪面积特征及其影响因素研究  

The spatial characteristics of marine heatwaves and their influencing factors in the South China Sea

作　　者：彭晓萌 于溢 马文涛 闫运伟 PENG Xiaomeng;YU Yi;MA Wentao;YAN Yunwei(Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Hangzhou 310012,China;State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics,Hangzhou 310012,China;Donghai Laboratory,Zhoushan 316000,China;Oceanography College,Hohai University,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [3]东海实验室,浙江舟山316000 [4]河海大学海洋学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2024年第4期21-33,共13页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JG2307)。

摘　　要：本研究基于1990-2020年高分辨率卫星遥感海面温度数据,采用深度优先搜索算法识别了南海海洋热浪面积,并探究了不同空间尺度南海海洋热浪的特征。研究结果表明,南海小尺度海洋热浪事件(Ⅰ类海洋热浪,面积<1.8×104 km 2)发生最为频繁,占总发生次数的94.20%。大尺度海洋热浪事件(Ⅲ类海洋热浪,面积>1.2×10^(5) km^(2))在31年期间仅发生74次,其中面积最大的热浪事件发生在2015年。进一步分析发现,不同面积海洋热浪的平均强度、持续时间以及发生频率的空间分布有显著差异性。相较于Ⅰ类海洋热浪,Ⅱ类海洋热浪(面积为1.8×10^(4)~1.2×10^(5)km^(2))平均强度超过1.5℃的空间范围明显增加。统计分析表明,南海海洋热浪面积增加,其平均强度和累积强度均增强,持续时间也随之变长。Ⅲ类海洋热浪事件累积强度的中位数分别是Ⅰ类的1.4倍,是Ⅱ类的1.2倍。进一步研究发现,厄尔尼诺时期Ⅰ~Ⅲ类海洋热浪的面积均显著增加,并且存在6~7个月的滞后关系。厄尔尼诺时期Ⅲ类海洋热浪事件持续时间比拉尼娜时期长2 d。本研究探究了南海海洋热浪面积的基本特征,并进一步分析了不同空间尺度海洋热浪的共性和差异性,为研究南海海洋热浪生消特征及机制提供了新的研究思路。Using the data of high resolution satellite sea surface temperature(SST)from January 1,1990 to December 31,2020,the spatial characteristics of marine heatwaves(MHWs)in the South China Sea were identified with a deep-first-search algorithm,and the characteristics of marine heatwaves at different spatial scales were further investigated.The results indicated that the small-scale marine heatwave events in the South China Sea(Type I MHWs,area<1.8×10^(4)km^(2))occurred the most frequently,accounting for 94.20%of the total marine heatwave occurrences.Large-scale marine heatwaves with areas exceeding 1.2×10^(5)km^(2)(Type III MHWs)occurred only 74 times during the 31-year period,with the largest event recorded in 2015.Further analysis revealed significant differences in the spatial distribution of intensity,duration,and frequency of marine heatwaves for different spatial scales.Compared to Type I MHWs,Type II MHWs(1.8×10^(4)~1.2×10^(5)km^(2))exhibited a noticeable increase in the average coverage area with an intensity exceeding 1.5℃.Statistical analysis showed that the intensity,duration,and cumulative intensity of South China Sea MHWs increased with the spatial scale of the MHWs.The intensity of Type III MHWs was 1.4 times that of Type I MHWs and 1.2 times that of Type II MHWs.In addition,the response of South China Sea MHWs areas to the El Ni o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)was also investigated.The results showed a significant increase in the areas of Type I to III MHWs during El Ni o periods,with a lag of 6 to 7 months.The duration of Type III MHWs during El Ni o was longer by 2 days compared to La Ni a periods.This study explored the fundamental characteristics of South China Sea MHWs areas and further analyzed the commonalities and differences of MHWs at different spatial scales,providing new insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of the formation and dissipation of South China Sea MHWs.

关 键 词：南海海洋热浪 海洋热浪识别 海洋热浪面积 南海海面温度 南海海面风场 厄尔尼诺 拉尼娜 

分 类 号：P731.11[天文地球—海洋科学]