风雨环境下高速车辆的气动特性和横向稳定性研究  

Study on the Aerodynamic Characteristics and Lateral Stability of High-Speed Vehicles Under Windy and Rainy Conditions

作　　者：陈禹 汪怡平[1] 马瑞 胡松源 CHEN Yu;WANG Yiping;MA Rui;HU Songyuan(Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2025年第1期59-68,共10页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：湖北省支持企业科技创新发展专项(2021BA015);湖北省科技重大专项(2021AAA006)。

摘　　要：针对汽车在高速行驶时遇到突发性风雨环境导致车辆侧偏而引发的车辆横向稳定性问题,使用欧拉-拉格朗日方法对风雨环境下汽车外流场与雨滴分布进行数值模拟。研究不同侧风速度和降雨强度下的空气动力学特性,建立整车多体动力学模型并加载气动载荷,计算风雨环境下车辆的侧偏位移。研究结果表明,侧风速度一定时,降雨会导致背风侧拖曳涡及尾涡扩散区域增大,车身背风侧负压区域扩大,尾部气流速度降低,气动阻力及气动侧力也随之增大,路面附着条件的改变也会进一步降低车辆横向稳定性能。Aiming at the instability of high-speed vehicles in windy and rainy environments,the Euler-Lagrange method was used to numerically simulate the external flow field of automobiles under such conditions.The aerodynamic characteristics was investigated at different side wind speeds and rainfall intensities.The whole vehicle dynamics model was established and subjected to aerodynamic loads.The lateral displacement of the vehicle under the windy and rainy conditions was calculated.The results show that,at a constant side wind speed,rainfall increases the drag vortex and the wake vortex diffusion region on the leeward side.Changes in the vortex structure increase the negative pressure area on the leeward side of the body and reduce the the trailing airflow velocity.As a result,aerodynamic drag and side forces are increased.Additionally,changes in road surface adhesion further reduces the vehicle's lateral stability.

关 键 词：风雨环境 欧拉-拉格朗日方法 气动特性 横向稳定性 

分 类 号：U462.2[机械工程—车辆工程]