华南地区河流浮游藻类群落特征及影响因素  

Characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton community in a river of South China

作　　者：陈宇华 鲁汭 李燕 吕业佳 CHEN Yuhua;LU Rui;LI Yan;LYU Yejia(Water Environment Research Institute,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Guangzhou 510045,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省环境科学研究院水环境研究所,广东广州510045 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安徽大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期86-97,共12页Journal of Anhui University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：广东省环保专项资金资助项目(粤财资环[2022]18号)。

摘　　要：华南地区水网和水热条件具有独特性,摸清区域浮游藻类群落特征及受季节变化、用地类型的影响状况,可为华南地区针对性的水华防控策略提供科学依据.笔者选择华南地区典型河流为研究对象,于2021年秋季及2022年春季对该河流14个调查点位进行了水质理化参数及浮游藻类采样调查,并结合各采样点缓冲区土地利用数据,分析浮游藻类群落结构与季节变化和用地类型之间的关系.研究结果表明:季节变化和用地类型通过影响环境因素(如水温、降雨、营养盐等)直接或间接改变浮游藻类密度、群落结构、群落稳定性及多样性.水温变化以及降雨对入河污染物、水体扰动的影响均显著改变了浮游藻类密度、群落稳定性及多样性.在营养盐方面,冗余分析揭示了总氮、总磷是影响浮游藻类群落差异的关键因子(p<0.05).差异性分析显示,秋季、春季在总氮、总磷以及浮游藻类平均密度和多样性指数上存在显著差异(p<0.05),群落组成也由硅藻-蓝藻型演替为硅藻-绿藻型.相关性分析表明,林地与总氮、总磷负相关,而农业用地和城镇村用地则与之呈正相关.城镇区的浮游藻类平均密度高于林地区、农业区,且多样性指数低于农业区,表明城镇区水华暴发风险更高.因此,水华防控应重点关注水温较高的时期,以及两岸城镇村用地较多的河段.The water network and hydrothermal conditions in South China are unique.Figuring the characteristics of regional phytoplankton communities and their influence by seasonal changes and land use types can provide a scientific basis for targeted prevention and control strategies of water blooms in South China.In this study,a typical river in South China was selected as the research object,and 14 investigation sites in the river were sampled and investigated for physicochemical parameters of water quality and phytoplankton during the spring in 2021 and the autumn in 2022.Combined with the land use data of each sampling site,the relationship between phytoplankton community structure,seasonal changes and land use type was analyzed.The results showed that seasonal variations and land use type could directly or indirectly alter phytoplankton densities,community structure,community stability and diversity by impacting environmental factors such as water temperature,precipitation,and nutrient levels.Changes in water temperature and the impact of rainfall on pollutants and water disturbance significantly changed the densities,community stability and diversity of phytoplankton.In terms of nutrients,redundancy analysis revealed that total nitrogen and total phosphorus were the key factors affecting the differences of phytoplankton communities(p<0.05).The difference analysis showed that there were significant differences in total nitrogen,total phosphorus,average densities and diversity index of phytoplankton in the spring and autumn(p<0.05).The community composition also changed from Bacillariophyta Cyanophyta type to Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta type.Correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen and total phosphorus were negatively correlated with forest land,while agricultural land and urban land were positively correlated.The average densities of phytoplankton in urban area was higher than that ir forest area and agricultural area,and the diversity index was lower than that in agricultural area,indicating that the risk of

关 键 词：浮游藻类 群落特征 气候季节变化 用地类型 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] X835[生物学—普通生物学]