气泡幕对水中声波衰减作用的数值模拟研究  

NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION EFFECTS BY BUBBLE CURTAINS

作　　者：张勇龙 曹顺翔 Zhang Yonglong;Cao Shunxiang(Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《力学学报》2025年第1期31-42,共12页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：深圳市鹏城孔雀计划资助项目(OD2023006C)。

摘　　要：利用气泡幕实现水下声波屏蔽一直是海洋和环境工程领域的重要研究课题.近年来,通过创新方法对气泡幕屏障技术进行优化引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注.文章基于开源代码Multi-Component Flow Code,采用集合平均多相流模型,考虑气泡与周围流体的相互作用,模拟了气泡幕在不同参数配置下的动力学行为及其对水下声波的屏蔽效果.其中,重点关注气泡大小分布、气泡体积分数、气泡幕厚度和环境压力对屏蔽效果的影响.同时,探索了气泡幕对不同幅值与频率声场的峰值衰减效果.模拟结果表明,声波能量的衰减效果与气泡的体积分数呈正相关;气泡幕在低幅值、高频率声场中展现出更为优越的声波屏蔽性能;在一定的阈值范围内,通过增加气泡幕的厚度可有效增强声波的衰减效果;存在气泡的初始半径及其标准差的最优值使得声波峰值衰减率最大,多分散气泡分布状态下的声波峰值降低但有限;随着环境压力的增加,声波能量的衰减效果减弱,当水深超过一定阈值时,气泡幕的衰减率趋于极小并保持稳定.为气泡屏障技术的设计与优化提供了重要的理论依据和参考.The use of bubble curtains for underwater acoustic shielding is a crucial research area in ocean and environmental engineering.Recent advancements have focused on optimizing bubble curtain technology through innovative approaches,attracting considerable attention from both academia and industry.In this study,the Multi-Component Flow Code(MFC)is employed alongside an ensemble-averaged multiphase flow model,considering bubblefluid interactions,to simulate the dynamics of bubble curtains under various parameter configurations and evaluate their effectiveness in underwater acoustic shielding.The primary parameters investigated include bubble size distribution,volume fraction,curtain thickness,and ambient pressure,all of which significantly influence the shielding performance.The simulation results indicate that acoustic energy attenuation is positively correlated with the bubble volume fraction,with higher volume fractions leading to greater attenuation.The bubble curtain demonstrates superior shielding effectiveness in acoustic fields characterized by low amplitude and high frequency.Within certain parameter thresholds,increasing the thickness of the bubble curtain can effectively enhance its sound attenuation capabilities.Additionally,there is an optimal initial bubble radius and standard deviation that maximize the peak attenuation of sound waves.However,in polydisperse bubble distributions,the reduction in sound attenuation is limited.As the ambient pressure increases,the attenuation effect gradually diminishes,with the attenuation rate approaching a minimum and stabilizing when the water depth exceeds a certain threshold.Furthermore,the study explores the peak sound attenuation effect for various acoustic field conditions,including different amplitudes and frequencies,providing a comprehensive understanding of how bubble curtain configurations can be optimized for maximum performance.The findings suggest that adjusting the distribution and volume fraction of bubbles,as well as the curtain's thickness,can signifi

关 键 词：气泡幕 水下声波 多相流模型 数值模拟 

分 类 号：O359[理学—流体力学]