新质生产力的本质特征、动力机制和实现路径研究  

Exploring the Essential Characteristics,Dynamic Mechanism,and Implementation Path of New Quality Productivity

作　　者：陈劲[1] 叶伟巍[2] Chen Jin;Ye Weiwei(School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Public Administration,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084 [2]浙江财经大学管理学院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《创新科技》2025年第1期1-12,共12页Innovation science and technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“双循环格局下突破性技术创新的要素配置机制”(72174176);国家自然科学基金面上项目“人工智能技术创新的要素结构、配置机制和激励政策”(72474190);国家社会科学基金重大项目“数据要素驱动我国战略新兴产业发展的统计测度和实现路径研究(24&ZD075)。

摘　　要：新质生产力是体现社会主义制度优势的现代化生产力。如何通过以技术创新为主的全面创新,持续推动新质生产力的形成和发展,是中国式现代化进程中的重大课题。基于生产力理论演进轨迹,辨析新质生产力的内涵特征;基于全面创新理论,探索新质生产力形成和发展的动力机制和实现路径。研究发现:①新质生产力的质态跃迁,源于生产主体、生产资料和生产对象等3个层面组合结构的全面优化,显化于企业竞争力、产业创新力和产业体系现代化等3个方面;②技术创新通过直接影响劳动主体及其组合结构、生产资料及其配置结构,间接影响生产对象及其产业结构,从而推动新质生产力的形成和发展;③制度创新通过直接影响生产资料及其配置结构,间接影响生产对象及其产业结构,从而推动新质生产力的形成和发展。最后,基于新质生产力形成和发展的动力机制,研究其实现路径,旨在厘清全面创新与新质生产力间的关联逻辑,丰富新质生产力的理论体系。New quality productivity refers to the modern productive forces that characterize the socialist system.A key challenge in China's path to modernization is how to promote the upgrading of traditional industries continuously,develop emerging industries,and cultivate future industries.This effort aims to establish and enhance new quality productivity through comprehensive innovation,with a strong focus on technology and innovation.Based on the evolution trajectory of productivity theory,this study examines the evolution of the concepts of productivity across three significant eras:the agricultural era,the industrial era,and the intelligent era.It draws on Marxist theory regarding productive forces to analyze the connotation and characteristics of the concept of new quality productive forces.Additionally,it utilizes the theory of comprehensive innovation to explore the dynamic mechanism and implementation path of new quality productivity.The findings elucidate that:①The qualitative transformation of productivity arises from the optimization of combination structures among production entities,means,and objects,which is manifested in three levels—"enterprise competitiveness,industrial innovation,and industrial system modernization",so as to change the organizational and management methods of the production process;②Technological innovation,as an endogenous variable driving the development of productivity,exerts a direct influence on the combination structure of production entities and the allocation structure of production means,thereby indirectly affecting the industrial structure of production objects and promoting the development of new quality productivity;③Institutional innovation,as an exogenous variable that drives the development of productivity,directly affects the allocation structure of production means by influencing the institutional transaction costs associated with production factors.By regulating consumer demand,investment demand,and export demand,institutional innovation indirectly affects the

关 键 词：新质生产力 全面创新 本质特征 动力机制 实现路径 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]