制度变革视野下洛克“外交权”思想探析  

Exploring Locke's Concept of“Federative Power”from the Perspective of Institutional Reform

作　　者：胡莉 HU Li(SchoolofHistory,BNU,Beijing100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期143-150,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年项目“近代以来英国政治制度变迁中的‘外交权’问题研究”(20YJC770012)。

摘　　要：将洛克的外交权思想置于17世纪英国政治制度变革的历史背景中考察,可以发现,该思想是对专制君主体制下君主外交特权的变革与保留。尽管这一权力被命名为“外交权”,且在原则上从属于最高立法权,但它仍然保留了难以受到立法权约束的特权属性。在光荣革命确立的立宪君主制下,无论是通过政党政府的运作,还是伴随政治民主化进程的发展,外交权的行使始终表现出难以受到议会有效监督的特点。这一现象反映了该制度内部的固有矛盾,其根源在于17世纪的政治制度变革主要集中于国内事务,而未能充分涉及外交领域。Examining Locke's concept of federative power from the perspective of 17th-century political reforms in England reveals that this idea both inherited and transformed the royal prerogatives over foreign affairs under the absolutist monarchy.While it was designated as“federative power”and,in principle,subordinated to the supreme legislative authority,it retained the characteristics of a prerogative that was not easily constrained by legislative power.Under the constitutional monarchy established by the Glorious Revolution,whether through the functioning of party government or the process of political democratization,the exercise of power in foreign affairs consistently exhibited resistance to effective parliamentary oversight.This reflects an inherent contradiction within the system,rooted in the fact that the 17th-century political reforms primarily addressed domestic affairs,leaving the realm of foreign policy largely untouched.

关 键 词：制度变革视野 君主外交特权 洛克 外交权 英国议会 

分 类 号：K504[历史地理—历史学]