禽支原体实验室检测技术发展现状  

Updates of Laboratory Detection Techniques for Avian Mycoplasma

作　　者：罗伏兵 梅力 王培 赵荣茂 郑雪莹 郑博君 殷雨晴 刘海莹 李佳 吴惠明 马志军 程汝佳 张硕 李志军 Luo Fubing;Mei Li;Wang Pei;Zhao Rongmao;Zheng Xueying;Zheng Bojun;Yin Yuqing;Liu Haiying;Li Jia;Wu Huiming;Ma Zhijun;Cheng Rujia;Zhang Shuo;Li Zhijun(Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102629,China;Ring Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100176,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市动物疫病预防控制中心,北京102629 [2]北京纳百生物科技有限公司,北京100176

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第1期74-80,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：2023年北京市家禽创新团队岗位专家工作经费项目(BJJQ-G09)。

摘　　要：禽支原体对家禽养殖业危害巨大,严重影响鸡只的生长发育和产蛋率。禽支原体感染的准确诊断必须借助实验室检测技术。目前常用的禽支原体实验室检测技术包括病原体分离鉴定、分子生物学检测和血清学检测三大类,每种方法均存在一定的适应性和局限性。病原体分离鉴定是禽支原体感染确诊的传统和标准方法,但其试验过程相对复杂,仅在需要区分支原体种类或者其他特定需求时使用。分子生物学技术中的定量PCR(qPCR)是禽支原体实验室检测的主要方法,但其在支原体种类鉴别上仍存在难点;而环介导等温扩增(LAMP)和恒温隔绝式PCR(iiPCR)方法,操作简单且不需要精密的仪器设备,适用于禽支原体的临床快速筛查。血清学技术中的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验是常用的实验室抗体检测手段,其操作相对简便、检测快速,适用于群体感染水平监测,但均无法区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫。因此,在临床上往往采用多种检测技术相结合对禽支原体进行检测。本文对近年来常见的禽支原体实验室检测技术发展及应用前景进行了综述,以期为禽支原体感染的诊断和防控提供技术支持。Avian Mycoplasma is greatly harmful to poultry industry,seriously affecting the growth and egg production of chickens.Accurate diagnosis against such infection must depend on laboratory detection techniques.Pathogen isolation and identification,molecular biological detection and serological detection technologies are commonly used,all of which are limited and adaptable to certain extent.Pathogen isolation and identification is traditional and standard to confirm avian Mycoplasma infection,but only used to distinguish Mycoplasma species or to meet other specific needs due to its relatively complex experiment process.Fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR),as one of molecular biological techniques,is mainly used for laboratory detection of avian Mycoplasma,although it is still difficult to identify the species of Mycoplasma;meanwhile,loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)and insulated isothermal PCR(iiPCR)are suitable for rapid clinical screening of avian Mycoplasma due to their accessibility where no sophisticated equipment is needed.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and hemagglutination inhibition(HI)test,as the serological techniques,are commonly used as laboratory antibody detection tools with the advantages of accessibility and rapidity,and suitable for monitoring the level of population infection,but fail to distinguish wild infection from vaccine immunity.Therefore,avian Mycoplasma is commonly detected by a combination of several techniques.Here,the development and prospects of the latest techniques for avian Mycoplasma detection in recent years were reviewed,aiming to technically support future diagnosis,prevention and control of avian Mycoplasma infection.

关 键 词：禽支原体 鸡毒支原体 滑液囊支原体 实验室检测技术 

分 类 号：S858.31[农业科学—临床兽医学]