陕南硫铁矿矿山酸性水形成机理及治理方法探究:以西乡五里坝硫铁矿为例  

Formation Mechanism of Acid Water and Treatment Method in Pyrite Mine:Example from Wuliba Pyrite Mine in Xixiang,Southern Shaanxi

作　　者：贺俊 赵强 杨建强 李金钱 李麟 HE Jun;ZHAO Qiang;YANG Jianqiang;LI Jinqian;LI Lin(Shaanxi Mining Industry and Trade Co.Ltd,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Ecological Environment Technology Co.Ltd,Beijing 100013,China;Shaanxi Geology and Mining Group Co.,Ltd,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西矿业开发工贸有限公司,陕西西安710054 [2]中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司,北京100013 [3]陕西地矿集团有限公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西北地质》2025年第1期219-230,共12页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：汉中市生态环境局项目“汉中市汉江流域硫铁矿环境调查与风险评估(HZGJ-HZ2021Z024)”资助。

摘　　要：硫铁矿矿山在开采过程中往往产生含有金属硫酸盐类的酸性矿排水,不仅腐蚀管道和设备,危害工人身体健康,还会严重污染水系,影响工农业和渔业生产,因而,系统解决硫铁矿矿山环境问题是矿山环保工作亟待解决的课题之一。系统分析矿山环境问题,深入认识酸性水形成机理,因地制宜提出其中一个或多个方法生态修复治理方案,是硫铁矿酸性矿排水生态修复的有效途径。笔者以陕南西乡五里坝硫铁矿为例,在分析矿硐、废渣、地表水及地面塌陷等环境现状和生态环境问题的基础上,重点分析酸性水产生的根源,提出了“地表水治理+地下水治理+地质灾害治理+生态修复+末端治理+环境监测”综合治理技术,最后探究了矿硐改性充填、弃渣资源化利用和塌陷区注浆加固3种治理模式,以期为类似地区矿山生态修复治理提供科学参考。Sulphate acid water is often produced in the mining process of pyrite mines,which not only corrodes pipelines and equipment,endangers workers’health,but also seriously pollutes water system,affects industry,agriculture and fishery production.Therefore,it is one of the urgent tasks to solve the environmental problems of pyrite mines.Systematic analysis of mine environmental problems,in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism of acid water,and proposed one or more methods of ecological restoration and treatment programs according to local conditions are effective ways for ecological restoration of acid water in pyrite mines.Taking Wuliba Pyrite Mine in Xixiang County of South Shaanxi Province as an example,based on the analysis of the environmental status and ecological environment problems of mine cave,waste residue,surface water and ground subsidence,the paper analyzes the root of acid water,puts forward the comprehensive treat-ment technology of"surface water treatment+groundwater treatment+geological disaster treatment+ecologi-cal restoration+end treatment+environmental monitoring",and finally explores three treatment modes of mine cave modification filling,waste residue resource utilization and grouting reinforcement in subsidence area.It provides a scientific reference for the ecological restoration of mines in similar areas.

关 键 词：酸性矿排水 形成机理 综合治理 五里坝硫铁矿 

分 类 号：P592[天文地球—地球化学]