长江源气候变化及生态植被变迁分析  

Analysis of Climate Change and Vegetation Change in the Yangtze River Source

作　　者：刘勇[1] 张欣 魏良帅 黄安邦 彭博 舒勤峰 LIU Yong;ZHANG Xin;WEI Liangshuai;HUANG Anbang;PENG Bo;SHU Qinfeng(Institute of Exploration Technology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Chengdu 611734,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所,四川成都611734

出　　处：《西北地质》2025年第1期257-269,共13页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“长江上游水文地质与水资源调查监测”(DD20221757);四川省自然资源厅项目“四川省黄河流域地下水资源调查(2023-2025)”(N5100012023000974)联合资助。

摘　　要：长江源处于高寒、高海拔的青藏高原腹地,生态系统脆弱。受全球气候变化和人类活动的影响,与源区生态系统密切相关的冰川冻土、沼泽湿地和植被等出现了不同程度的退化现象,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。笔者利用长时序、高时空分辨率的气象和MODIS NDVI数据,结合数理统计方法,分析了长江源气候和生态植被的时空演化特征,探讨了植被对气候和土壤水的响应机制。结果表明:近40年来长江源降雨量和地面气温在空间上从东南向西北呈递减特征,各区域气温整体上均有递增趋势;东部植被生长状况要好于西部地区,2000年以来长江源整体植被生长状况有逐渐转好趋势;受冻土对气温的敏感性影响,长江源生长季植被受气温的影响程度高于降雨;长江源生态植被受土壤含水率影响较大,影响程度由表层到深部有逐渐减弱趋势。The source of the Yangtze River is located in the remote and high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where the ecosystem is fragile.Influenced by global climate change and human activities,various elements closely related to the ecological system of the source area,such as glaciers,permafrost,swamps,wetlands,and vegetation,have experienced different degrees of degradation,which has aroused widespread concern from various sectors of society.This article analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the climate and ecological vegetation in the Yangtze River source region using long-term,high spatiotemporal resolution meteorological and MODIS NDVI data,combined with mathematical and statistical methods,and explores the response mechanism of vegetation to climate and soil water.The results show that over the past 40 years,the rainfall and surface temperature in the Yangtze River source region have decreased from southeast to northwest,and the temperature in each region has generally increased.Vegetation growth in the eastern region is better than that in the western region,and since 2000,the overall vegetation growth in the Yangtze River source region has gradu-ally improved.Due to the sensitivity of permafrost to temperature,vegetation growth during the growing season in the Yangtze River source region is more affected by temperature than rainfall.The ecological vegetation in the Yangtze River source region is greatly influenced by soil water content,and the degree of influence gradual-ly weakens from the surface to the deep layers.

关 键 词：长江源 气候 生态植被 趋势分析 响应机制 

分 类 号：P66[天文地球—地质学]