工学硕士学习适应画像:群像描绘、影响机理与纾解之策  

Master of Engineering Learning Adaptation Profile:Group Image Description,Impact Mechanisms,and Mitigation Strategies

作　　者：刘怡 何雪铭 LIU Yi;HE Xueming(Institute of Higher Education,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学高等教育研究中心,西安710072

出　　处：《研究生教育研究》2025年第1期57-65,共9页Journal of Graduate Education

基　　金：西北工业大学教育教学改革研究项目“面向‘总师型’人才培养的实践教育体系改革研究”(2025JGWG12);西北工业大学教育教学改革研究项目“基于数据挖掘的生源质量影响因素、评价及提升策略研究”(2024JGWG08);西北工业大学研究生实践创新能力培育基金项目“国防军工类高校三航专业卓越工程人才领导力形成机制及提升路径研究”(PF2024086)。

摘　　要：运用扎根理论,对3所一流大学21名工学硕士的学习适应现状进行画像建构和三级编码。研究发现,工学硕士学习适应画像可分为快速适应型、渐入佳境型、庸庸碌碌型、向后倒退型和得过且过型五类。学习适应障碍的主要困状是陷入被动、缺乏规划、积累不足、语言互异和群体影响。基础知识不扎实、导学关系不融洽、管理制度不匹配依次从认知维度、关系维度、结构维度形成了工学硕士学习适应障碍的影响机理。基础性资源的内生增长、发展性资源的交互融合和衍生性资源的结构优化是纾解工学硕士学习适应障碍的有效策略。Using grounded theory,a portrait construction and three-level coding were conducted on the learning adaptation status of 21 engineering master’s students from three first-class universities.The research found that the learning adaptation profiles of Master of Engineering can be divided into five categories:rapid adaptation,gradual improvement,mediocrity,backward regression,and slacking off.The main difficulties in learning adaptation are being trapped in passivity,lack of planning,insufficient accumulation,language differences,and group influence.The impact mechanism of learning adaptation barriers is formed from cognitive,relational,and structural dimensions,respectively,due to the lack of solid basic knowledge,disharmony in supervisor-student relationships,and mismatch in management systems.The endogenous growth of fundamental resources,the interactive integration of developmental resources,and the structural optimization of derivative resources are effective strategies for alleviating learning adaptation barriers in engineering master’s degree programs.

关 键 词：工学硕士 学习适应 群像描绘 影响机理 纾解之策 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]