基于锕系核合成超铀元素研究的回顾与展望  

Review and Prospect of Research on Synthesis of Transuranic Elements by Heavy Actinide Nuclei

作　　者：刘佳佳 张钰海 张丰收[1,2,3] LIU Jiajia;ZHANG Yuhai;ZHANG Fengshou(Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education,College of Nuclear Science and Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Radiation Technology,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100875,China;Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics,National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]射线束技术教育部重点实验室,北京师范大学核科学与技术学院,北京100875 [2]北京市科学技术研究院辐射技术研究所,北京100875 [3]兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2025年第2期265-281,共17页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFA1606401);国家自然科学基金(12135004,11635003,11961141004)。

摘　　要：合成新核素、拓展核素版图是核物理的前沿研究领域。随着重离子加速器的发展,目前已合成到118号元素,但探索更重的区域仍面临严峻挑战。熔合反应是合成超重新元素的传统方法,多核子转移反应是通往“超重稳定岛”的唯一途径,也是将来大规模合成超重新元素最可能的方法。在这两种反应中,锕系核作为靶核发挥着重要作用。本文介绍了合成锕系核的中子俘获反应;总结了国际上用于合成超重元素锕系靶的产生、性质和研究现状;回顾了基于锕系核合成超镄元素的研究以及119、120号新元素的最新进展;对目前国际上反应堆产生重锕系核的现状做了比较,并针对近年来合成原子序数Z>118超重元素面临的困难进行了评述,为将来的新元素合成提出建议。Synthesizing new nuclides and expanding the chart of nuclides is one of the frontier research areas in nuclear physics.With the development of heavy-ion accelerators and radioactive ion beam facilities,significant achievements have been made in the synthesis of elements.Currently,Z=118 element has been successfully synthesized.However,exploring the heavier region faces significant challenges.Fusion reaction is the traditional method for the synthesis of superheavy elements.Multinucleon transfer reaction is the only way to the“island of stability”,and it is also the most likely method for large-scale synthesis of superheavy elements in the future.Actinide targets play a crucial role in these reactions.The neutron capture reactions for synthesizing actinide nuclei were reviewed,including both slow neutron capture process(s-process)and rapid neutron capture process(r-process).The elements from atomic number 93 to 100 synthesized through neutron capture reactions were listed.The heaviest element that can be synthesized through neutron capture reactions is Fm.The actinide targets used for synthesizing superheavy elements,such as^(237)Np,^(244)Pu,^(243)Am,^(248)Cm,^(249)Bk,and^(249)Cf.The synthesis status,properties,and applications of these targets were respectively summarized.The researches on the synthesis of Z>100 elements,as well as the latest progress on the discovery of the new elements 119 and 120,were reviewed.Currently,there are many reactors,which can provide high atomic number actinide nuclei,such as High Flux Isotope Reactor(HFIR)at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),Advanced Test Reactor(ATR)in USA,and SM-3 reactor at the Research Institute of Advanced Reactors(RIAR)in Russia.The Jules Horowitz Reactor(JHR)in France is under construction,and this reactor is expected to be one of the most outstanding research reactors in Europe in terms of irradiation and technological capabilities.High Flux Engineering Test Reactor(HFETR)is the highest power operating high-flux engineering test reactor in China.The T

关 键 词：中子俘获反应 锕系核 重离子物理 超重核 超重元素 

分 类 号：TL11[核科学技术—核能科学] O571.6[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]