麦田杂草发生及其对小麦生产的影响  

Occurrence of weeds in wheat field and its influence on wheat production

作　　者：刘才忠 徐萱 孙许谦 季美娣 LIU Caizhong;XU Xuan;SUN Xuqian;JI Meidi(Liyang Agricultural Integrated Technology Extension Center,Liyang 213300,China;Changzhou Agricultural Integrated Technology Extension Center,Changzhou 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]溧阳市农业综合技术推广中心,江苏溧阳213300 [2]常州市农业综合技术推广中心,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第3期1-5,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省现代农业(稻麦)产业技术体系项目(JATS[2022]112)。

摘　　要：为探明江苏常州地区麦田杂草发生及其对小麦生产的影响,本研究组织开展了大面积麦田杂草发生和不同耕作方式(深耕、浅旋)下的麦田杂草发生调查,并设置不同药剂处理(处理A,33%氟噻草胺·呋草酮·吡氟酰草胺;处理B,35%氟噻草胺·吡氟酰草胺;处理C,41%氟噻草胺;处理D,60%丙草·异丙隆;处理E,20%氟吡酰草胺;以清水为对照),探究各处理对杂草发生、产量等小麦生产的影响。结果表明,研究区麦田杂草发生呈逐渐加重趋势,其中单子叶杂草变化较明显,主要优势种为禾本科杂草日本看麦娘、看麦娘和菵草等。深耕较浅旋有加重杂草发生的趋势。各处理对小麦生长安全,其中,以处理A的田间杂草较少,小麦产量最高;杂草对产量的影响方面,其主要影响小麦单位面积穗数,进而影响产量,以药后50d单子叶杂草数对穗数的影响最大。研究结果为麦田杂草高效防除提供参考。To investigate the occurrence of weeds in wheat fields in Changzhou area,Jiangsu Province and their impact on wheat production,a large-scale survey of weed occurrence in wheat fields,as well as surveys of weed occurrence in wheat fields under different tillage methods(deep tillage,shallow rotation)were organized,different chemical treatments were set up(treatment A,33% fluoxystrobin·furoxime·pyrifluoroacetamide;treatment B,35% fluoxystrobin·pyrifluoroacetamide;treatment C,41% fluoxystrobin;treatment D,60% propiconazole·iprone;treatment E,20% fluoxystrobin;with water as a control)to explore the effects of each treatment on wheat production,including weed occurrence,yield,etc.The results showed that the occurrence of weeds in wheat fields in the study area showed a gradually increasing trend,the changes of monocotyledonous weeds more obvious.The main dominant species were Poaceae weeds such as Alopecurus japonicus,Alopecurus aequalis,and Beckmannia syzigachne.Compared with shallow rotation,deep tillage tends to exacerbate weed occurrence.All treatments were safe for wheat growth,among them,treatment A had the least weeds in the field and the highest wheat yield;in terms of the impact of weeds on yield,it mainly affected the number of spikes per unit area of wheat,and then affected yield,with the number of monocotyledonous weeds having the greatest impact on spike number 50 days after application.The research provides references for efficient weed control in wheat fields.

关 键 词：麦田 杂草种类 小麦产量 深耕 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]