油茶低产林改造关键技术  

Key techniques of transforming low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：余建斌 YU Jianbin(Rong’an County Agricultural Service Center of Dapo Township,Rong’an 545400,China)

机构地区：[1]融安县大坡乡农业服务中心,广西融安545400

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第3期57-60,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为提高油茶低产林的产量,推动油茶产业的高质量发展,本文基于油茶低产林改造实践,总结了抚育改造、嫁接换冠改造和更新改造3种改造关键技术,其适用于不同类型油茶低产林的改造。抚育改造技术方面,通过疏伐、整枝和补植等技术措施,合理调控密度,科学整枝修剪、除去弱枝、徒长枝,根据林地条件选择垦复深挖方式,合理施肥,引蜂授粉和根据当地气候条件及栽植品种适时采收等;嫁接换冠改造技术包括选择合适的嫁接时间和穗条,嫁接包扎严密和嫁接后保湿等;更新改造技术主要有截干更新和造林更新2种,截干更新是在距地面10~20cm处锯断老弱油茶树的主干,保持锯口平整;造林更新包括整地、良种壮苗、种植管理和抚育管理等。本文为油茶等相关低产林改造提供技术参考。To improve the yield of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and promote the high-quality development of Camellia oleifera industry.Based on the reconstruction practice of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera,three key techniques of care and reform,grafting and crown change,and renewal and transformation were summarized,which were suitable for the reconstruction of different types of low-yield forest Camellia oleifera.In terms of nurturing and transformation technology,it include reasonable control of density through thinning,pruning,and replanting,scientific pruning,removal of weak and excessively long branches,selection of deep excavation methods based on forest conditions,reasonable fertilization,bee pollination,and timely harvesting according to local climate conditions and planting varieties;the techniques of grafting and crown change include selection of appropriate grafting time and spike,tight grafting dressing and moisture after grafting,etc.There are two kinds of regeneration technology:dry cutting regeneration and afforestation regeneration,dry cutting regeneration is to cut off the main stem of the old and weak Camellia oleifera tree at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ground,keeping the cutting edge flat;afforestation regeneration includes land preparation,good seed and seedling strengthening,planting management and tending management.This article provides technical references for the reconstruction of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and related forest.

关 键 词：油茶 低产林 抚育改造 嫁接换冠 更新改造 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S756.5[农业科学—林学]