著作权法中作品独创性的对比逻辑  

The Comparative Logic of Originality of Works in Copyright Law

作　　者：王国柱 Wang Guozhu

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2025年第1期51-75,共25页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“作品独创性的司法裁判逻辑研究”(项目批准号:19BFX157)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在著作权法中,通过对比可以揭示“创作结果”与思想、表达等参照系之间的差异性或同一性,进而判断作品的独创性。在作品使用方式构成的“复制—演绎—转换性使用”链条中,作品独创性的对比逻辑以体系化的方式展开。“复制”情形下的作品独创性对比以“实质性相似”为标准,以“复制”方式使用的思想包括人类的一般性认知、人类共享的可感知符号元素、思想与表达合并所形成的有限表达等,以“复制”方式使用的表达包括公共领域的惯常表达、不受著作权法保护的作品以及受著作权法保护的在先作品等。“演绎”情形下的作品独创性对比体现为演绎作品与原作品之间独创性表达的“一致性”对比和“差异性”对比。在“一致性”对比中,应以“基本表达”标准代替“实质性相似”标准。“转换性使用”情形下的作品独创性对比重在考察原作品独创性表达的转换,典型的转换形态包括“创作启示型”转换、“思想抽离型”转换和“表达重构型”转换。In copyright law,the comparison can reveal the differences or similarities between the"creation result"and the"reference system"such as ideas and expressions,thereby determining the originality of the work.In the chain of work usage methods consisting of"copying-adaptation-transformative use",the comparison logic of work originality unfolds in a systematic way.In the"copying"situation,the comparison of work originality is based on the"substantial similarity"standard,and the ideas used in the"copying"method include general human cognition,shared perceptible symbolic elements,and limited expressions formed by the combination of ideas and expressions.The expressions used in the"copying"method include common expressions in the public domain,works not protected by copyright law,and previously existing works protected by copyright law.In the"adaptation"situation,the comparison of work originality is reflected in the"consistency"and"difference"comparisons of the original expressions between the adapted work and the original work.In the"consistency"comparison,the"basic expression"standard should replace the"substantial similarity"standard.In the"transformative use"situation,the comparison of work originality focuses on the transformation of the original expressions of the original work.Typical transformation forms include"creation inspiration type"transformation,"idea extraction type"transformation,and"expression reconstruction type"transformation.

关 键 词：作品独创性 实质性相似 公共领域 转换性使用 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]