西藏高山区中小流域设计洪水计算方法研究进展综述  

Review of Research Progress on Design Flood Calculation Methods for Small and Medium-sized Basins in High Mountain Area of Tibet Plateau

作　　者：康有 张波 张洁[2] 马顺刚 江玉吉 周毓彦[4] 倪飞宇 刘金涛[2] KANG You;ZHANG Bo;ZHANG Jie;MA Shun-gang;JIANG Yu-ji;ZHOU Yu-yan;NI Fei-yu;LIU Jin-tao(PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited,Chengdu 610072,China;The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610072 [2]河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [3]西藏自治区水文水资源勘测局,西藏拉萨850000 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第1期15-19,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：中国电建成都院科技项目(PB3521);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助项目(2019QZKK0207)。

摘　　要：西藏高山区中小流域为亚洲众多大河的源区,是国家水资源安全战略基地和水能资源接续基地。然而,本区下垫面情况异常复杂且监测难度大,属典型的无(缺)资料地区,设计洪水计算方法发展缓慢,为当地水利水电项目的规划设计、施工建设和运营管理等带来了较大的风险和挑战。受水文观测资料、高度复杂的下垫面情况及暴雨洪水形成机制等制约,现有方法(如推理公式、洪水频率分析及水文比拟等)在西藏高山区的适用性和有效性不足。为解决西藏中小流域设计洪水计算的难题,建议通过数学物理途径推导流域关键带结构信息(如地形—植被—土壤)与径流响应的解析关系,进而建立由下垫面信息反演设计参数及洪水设计值的理论方法,发展适合西藏中小流域地理水文特性的新型设计洪水计算方法。Small and medium-sized basins in high mountain area of Tibet Plateau are the sources of main large rivers in Asia,which is the water tower for the security of water resources and hydropower resources.However,the harsh en-vironment on the Tibet Plateau is extremely complex and hydrologic observations are difficult,making it a typical un-gagged area.The development of design flood calculation methods is slow,which poses challenges to the planning,de-sign,construction,and operation management of local water system.This study highlighted those current methods,such as reasoning formulas,flood frequency analysis,and hydrological analogy are not sufficiently applicable due to limitations in observation data,complex underlying conditions,and mechanisms of flood generation.To solve this problem,it is suggested to establish analytical relationships between the structural information of critical zones and stormflow using mathematical physics-based methods.Then,theoretical methods for parameter inversion and flood designing could be es-tablished for developing a new design flood calculation method suitable for geographical and hydrological characteristics of small and medium-sized river basins in Tibet.

关 键 词：高山区流域 关键带结构 暴雨洪水过程 设计洪水计算 无资料流域水文预报 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]