异噁唑骨架构建及其含能化合物合成研究进展  

Research progress on isoxazole skeleton construction and synthesis of its energetic compounds

作　　者：冯心雨 毕福强[1,2] 薛琪 王伯周[1,2] 张俊林[1,2] FENG Xinyu;BI Fuqiang;XUE Qi;WANG Bozhou;ZHANG Junlin(Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China;State key laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,西安710065 [2]氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室,西安710065

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2025年第1期27-37,共11页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22205176);陕西省自然科学基金重点项目(2024JC-ZDXM-07)。

摘　　要：异噁唑具有氮氧五元芳香杂环结构,其能量水平低于呋咱与氧化呋咱等氮杂五元含能骨架,是构筑含能材料的含能结构单元,目前异噁唑含能化合物已成为不敏感含能材料领域的研究热点之一。概述了2种典型的异噁唑环的构建策略,并探讨了其缩合环化反应机理;综述了近年来十余种异噁唑含能化合物的合成研究进展,重点介绍了典型异噁唑含能化合物的物化和爆轰性能,特别是3,3’-双异噁唑-4,4’,5,5’-四亚甲基二硝酸酯,其密度为1.585 g/cm^(3)、熔点92℃、爆速7060 m/s、爆压19.3 GPa,对冲击,摩擦和静电放电表现出低敏感性,可作为潜在含能增塑剂应用。该综述为后续设计、合成新型异噁唑含能材料提供一定的理论依据,并对该类含能化合物的未来发展前景进行了展望。Isoxazole is a five-membered aromatic heterocyclic structure with lower energy level than furoxan and furoxan,and it is an energetic structural unit for constructing energetic materials.It has emerged as a prominent research focus within the domain of insensitive energetic materials.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the construction methods for two archetypal isoxazole rings,delving into the mechanisms underlying their condensation cyclization reactions.We revisit the synthesis approaches for over a decade of isoxazole-based energetic compounds,highlighting advancements made in recent years.The paper places a spotlight on the physicochemical properties and detonation characteristics of quintessential isoxazole energetic compounds.Notably,3,3’-diisoxazole-4,4’,5,5’-tetramethylene dinitrate stands out with its density of 1.585 g/cm,melting point of 92℃,detonation velocity of 7060 m/s,and a formidable detonation pressure of 19.3 GPa.Its low sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic discharge renders it a promising candidate for use in energetic plasticizers.This review not only offers a theoretical foundation for the future design and synthesis of novel isoxazole energetic materials but also offers insights into the prospective evolution of this class of compounds,charting a course for their potential applications and technological impact.

关 键 词：异噁唑含能化合物 骨架构建方法 环化反应机理 合成 爆轰性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工]