藏鸡不同杂交组合生长、屠体、血液生理指标、肉蛋品质性状分析  

Analysis on Growth,Slaughtering,Blood Physiological Indexes,Meat and Egg Quality Traits of Different Crossbreeding Combinations of Tibetan Chicken

作　　者：尤张静 袁经纬 马腾壑 孙研研[2] 樊世杰[3] 李云雷[2] 黄晓隆 李琴 杨涵涵 李昕怡 倪爱心 宗云鹤 马忠 麻慧 陈继兰[2] YOU Zhangjing;YUAN Jingwei;MA Tenghe;SUN Yanyan;FAN Shijie;LI Yunlei;HUANG Xiaolong;LI Qin;YANG Hanhan;LI Xinyi;NI Aixin;ZONG Yunhe;MA Zhong;MA Hui;CHEN Jilan(College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan,Hebei 056038;State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101206)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸056038 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司,北京101206

出　　处：《中国家禽》2025年第2期12-21,共10页China Poultry

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600902-2);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(HBCT2024270202、HBCT2023210210)。

摘　　要：为探究新浦东鸡对藏鸡的杂交改良效果,试验以藏鸡(ZJ)与新浦东鸡(XPD)为亲本构建纯繁及正反交杂交群体(ZX、XZ),测定后代群体的生长、屠体、血液生理指标、产蛋性能及肉蛋品质。结果显示:在生长和屠体方面,正反交组合相较于ZJ,0~16周龄体重均有显著上升(P<0.05),120日龄胫长、胫围、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重均显著提高(P<0.05),正交组合ZX的提高程度大于反交组合XZ。ZX组母鸡的腹脂显著增加(P<0.05),脂带宽表现出来显著的杂种优势;在血液生理指标方面,正反交组合在平均红细胞血红蛋白含量和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度均有显著提高(P<0.05);在肉品质方面,相较于ZJ,正反交组合胸肌肌内脂肪显著提高(P<0.05);XZ的总不饱和脂肪酸和总饱和脂肪酸显著提高(P<0.05);在蛋品质方面,正反交组合300日龄平均产蛋率、蛋重、蛋白高度、蛋黄重和蛋壳重均显著高于ZJ(P<0.05)。研究表明,通过ZJ与XPD杂交能够改良ZJ的生长、屠体性能,提高产蛋率、蛋品质、胸肌肉品质及不饱和脂肪酸的含量,以ZJ为父本、XPD为母本杂交改良效果相对更优。To investigate the crossbreeding improvement effect of New Pudong chicken on Tibetan chicken,the experiments constructed a reciprocal crossing populations(ZX,XZ)by crossing Tibetan chicken(ZJ)and New Pudong chicken(XPD),which were reared under the same environment.The growth performance,slaughtering performance,blood physiological indexes,egg and meat quality traits of the chickens were determined.The results were as follows:In terms of growth and slaughtering performance shape,body weight of the reciprocal crosses was significantly increased compared to that of ZJ between 0 to 16 weeks of age(P<0.05).Shank length,shank circumference,dressed weight,half-eviscerated with giblet weight,eviscerated weight,breast muscle weight and thigh muscle weight were significantly higher in the reciprocal crosses at 120 days of age(P<0.05),and the improvement of these traits was greater in ZX than that in XZ.The abdominal fat of ZX hens was significantly increased while the fat bandwidth showed a significant hybrid vigor(P<0.05).In terms of blood physiological index shape,the average erythrocyte hemoglobin content and average erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in the reciprocal crosses(P<0.05).The total unsaturated fatty acids and total saturated fatty acids in XZ were significantly increased(P<0.05).In terms of meat quality shape,in comparison with ZJ,intramuscular fat in the breast muscle was significantly higher than that in the reciprocal crosses(P<0.05).In terms of egg quality shape,the average laying rate,egg weight,albumen height,yolk weight,and eggshell weight of the reciprocal crosses were significantly higher than that of ZJ at 300 days of age(P<0.05).The results indicated that crossing ZJ with XPD could improve the growth,slaughtering performance,egg production,egg quality,breast muscle quality and unsaturated fatty acid content,and the improvement by crossing between Tibetan chicken as the paternal line and New Pudong chicken as the maternal line was better in most traits.

关 键 词：藏鸡 杂交改良 体尺性状 屠体性能 肉质性状 产蛋性状 血液生理指标 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]