中和性抗体在病毒性传染病治疗中的应用和展望  

Application and prospect of neutralizing antibodies in the treatment of viral infectious diseases

作　　者：胡婧 邓莎莎 王美华 刘梦瑶 金腾川 HU Jing;DENG Shasha;WANG Meihua;LIU Mengyao;JIN Tengchuan(School of Life Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 23000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部,合肥230000

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2303300,2022YFC2304102);国家自然科学基金项目(82272301);安徽省重点研发项目(2022i01020025);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(WK9100000001)。

摘　　要：传染病是一种由致病性微生物引起的,能够影响人类及动物卫生健康甚至产生极大社会经济负担的传播性疾病。与疫苗接种、抗病毒药物治疗等防治手段相比,抗体药物因其副作用小、作用时效性强、特异性好等优点已逐渐成为传染病治疗的一项重要策略。中和性抗体是一种通过与感染性粒子表面抗原蛋白特异性结合,从而阻断其与宿主细胞相互作用,防止细胞被感染原侵害的抗体。目前已有多种针对病毒感染的中和性抗体被开发出来。系统介绍了新冠病毒、埃博拉病毒、艾滋病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等4种典型病毒中和性抗体药物的研究进展,主要包括以新冠病毒S蛋白、埃博拉病毒GP蛋白、艾滋病毒gp160蛋白及呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白为靶点的代表性抗体,并对中和性抗体靶点选择及未来开发应用前景进行讨论。Infectious diseases are a kind of transmitted diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms,which can affect human and animal health and even produce great social economic burden.Compared with vaccination,antiviral drugs and other control methods,antibody has gradually become an important strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases because of its small side effects and strong timeliness.Neutralizing antibody is a kind of antibody that can specifically bind to the surface antigen of infectious particles,thereby blocking its interaction with the host cells and preventing cells from being invaded.A variety of neutralizing antibodies against viral infection have been developed.In this paper,the research progress of four typical virus therapeutic antibodies for SARS-CoV-2,Ebola,HIV and RSV was reviewed,including representative antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 S protein,ebola GP protein,HIV gp160 protein and RSV F protein.The selection of neutralizing antibody target and its future development and application were discussed.

关 键 词：中和性抗体 病毒性传染病 治疗 新冠病毒 埃博拉病毒 

分 类 号：Q939.91[生物学—微生物学]