中国天然气管网气量平衡机制:英国经验及启示  

China's gas balance mechanism of natural gas pipeline network: UK's experience and its inspiration

作　　者：朱金宏 冯连勇[1] ZHU Jinhong;FENG Lianyong(School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2025年第1期187-194,共8页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于净能源与碳投入回报的CO_(2)技术经济评价方法研究”(编号:72274212)。

摘　　要：国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司成立后,随着管网资源优化配置和市场化程度需求的不断提高,管网气量平衡的难度显著提升,对管网安全平稳运行和高效输送造成了极大的挑战。英国作为天然气市场化改革的先行者,其管网气量平衡机制建设的实践经验可为中国天然气管网气量平衡提供重要借鉴。为此,系统分析了英国管网气量平衡机制的发展历程、制度体系和运行模式,从我国气量平衡政策的现状和存在的问题出发,提出中国天然气管网气量平衡机制建立的建议。研究结果表明:①英国管网气量平衡机制的发展以市场化为导向,通过不断完善,很好地适应了多元主体参与的复杂运营环境;②英国管网系统通过明确气量平衡责任主体、建立保障制度体系和成熟的运营模式,形成了以市场交易为主、强制调节为辅的气量平衡机制,保障了管网的气量平衡;③日间平衡交易市场作为核心机制,在英国管网气量平衡过程中发挥了重要作用。结论认为:①天然气管网气量平衡机制的建立健全,是实现管网高效协同运行、理顺我国产运储销体系的重要举措;②中国天然气管网系统可借鉴英国经验,结合自身特点,采用分区域多点气量平衡模式,构建分层递进的气量平衡处理方式,完善信息服务平台和风险防控体系,从而形成具有中国特色的天然气管网气量平衡体系。After the PipeChina was founded,with the continuously increasing demand for pipeline network allocation optimization and marketization level,the difficulty in the gas balance of pipeline network increases significantly,which poses great challenges to the safe and smooth operation and efficient transportation of the pipeline network.As a pioneer of natural gas market-oriented reform,the UK's practical experience in constructing the gas balance mechanism of pipeline network can provide an important reference for China's gas balance of natural gas pipeline network.In this paper,the development history,institutional system and operation mode of UK's gas balance mechanism of pipeline network are analyzed systematically.In addition,the suggestions to establish China's gas balance mechanism of natural gas pipeline network are proposed to deal with the status and problems in domestic gas balance policies.And the following research results are obtained.First,the UK's gas balance mechanism of pipeline network is developed under the orientation of market,and it has adapted well to the complex operational environments involving multiple participants through continuous improvement.Second,by defining the responsible parties for gas balance and establishing a guarantee system and a mature operation model,the UK's pipeline network system has formed a gas balance mechanism dominated by market transactions and supplemented by mandatory regulation,which ensures the gas balance of pipeline network.Third,the daytime balanced trading market,as the core mechanism,plays an important role in the UK's gas balance process of pipeline network.In conclusion,the establishment and improvement of the gas balance mechanism of natural gas pipeline network is an important measure to achieve efficient collaborative operation of pipeline network and straighten out domestic production,transportation,storage and sales system.What's more,China's natural gas pipeline network system can learn from the UK's experience and take into consideration of its ow

关 键 词：天然气管网 气量平衡 英国 市场化改革 管网安全 

分 类 号：TE-9[石油与天然气工程]