张謇“诗言事”说的诗学意义  

The Poetic Significance of Zhang Jian's Ideathat“Poetry Reflects Events”

作　　者：曹虹[1] CAO Hong

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2024年第6期86-92,共7页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：承接传统儒学“诗言志”的风雅遗音,张謇在《程一夔君游陇集序》中转而强调“诗言事”的功能,并通过创作践履“阅世”以鸣不平、“充积”经世学识以矫正虚浮文风。他慨叹“国家任事之人乃少,而国家废坠之人乃多”。经世致用而落于“事”上的思考,是张謇的学风特色,其影响于诗学旨趣,便是“事”元素的墨采较重。现藏于中国科学院图书馆的稿抄本《时事吟草》吟咏戊戌、庚子时事,悼念秋瑾、黄遵宪以针砭时政,即是对“诗言事”理念的映照。通过在《文正书院丙庚课艺录序》中追忆曾国藩对江南书院的再造之功,张謇将辞章与道术关系提炼为“文为道华而学为事干”,积极反思科举取士重文而轻事的弊端。张謇的“诗言事”说蕴含对物性事理的开放,这种“言事”或“经世”的理论表达,与以“通晓事理”为特色的曾国藩之学风不无关联,不仅展现出张謇思想感奋于时代的锋颖,亦揭示出近代诗学连缀现实、转向事理的途辙。Inheriting the elegant legacy of the traditional Confucian idea that“Poetry Expresses Aspirations”,Zhang Jian turned to emphasize the idea that“Poetry Reflects Events”in The Preface to Cheng Yikui's Collections of Traveling in Gansu,and practiced his idea in his literary creation,that is,by observing society to speak out against injustice,and by accumulating knowledge for governing society to correct the frivolous style of writing.He sighed that“there are very few people in the country who have the courage to take on tasks,but many who are slack”.Zhang Jian's learning was characterized by the principle of“study of ancient classics should meet present needs”,which was translated into the consideration of“events”,and his influence on the purpose of poetry is reflected in the heavy weight of the element of“events”.The manuscript Ode to Current Events,which is now kept in the library of Chinese Academy of Sciences,is a reflection of the idea that“Poetry Reflects Events”.It intoned the current events of 1898 and 1900,and mourned Qiu Jin and Huang Zunxian.By recalling Zeng Guofan's reconstruction of classical academies south of the Yangtze River in his Preface to Records of Assignments of Wenzheng Classical Academy,Zhang Jian refined the relationship between literature and idea into“literature is the brilliance of idea,and learning is the backbone of events”.He actively reflected on the drawbacks of the imperial examination system of attaching importance to literature rather than events.Zhang Jian's idea that“Poetry Reflects Events”implies an openness to the nature of things and the reason of events,and this theoretical expression of“reflecting events”or“governing the society”is related to Zeng Guofan's style of learning,which is characterized by“thoroughly understand the reason”.This theory not only shows the brilliance of Zhang Jian's thought after being inspired by the times,but also reveals the path of modern poetics that turns to concern with reality and the reason o

关 键 词：张謇 诗言事 曾国藩 《时事吟草》 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]