316L柱塞泵泵头开裂失效分析  

Failure Analysis of 316L Plunger Pump Head

作　　者：张益铭 徐兴海 崔文青 李德君 石凯 余志 ZHANG Yiming;XU Xinghai;CUI Wenqing;LI Dejun;SHI Kai;YU Zhi(Key Laboratory of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Quality Safety for State Market Regulation,CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710077,China;Sichuan Gemflower Xinsheng Oil&Gas Service Co.Ltd.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China;Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Co.Ltd.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团工程材料研究院有限公司,国家市场监管重点实验室(石油管及装备质量安全),陕西西安710077 [2]四川宝石花鑫盛油气运营服务有限公司,四川成都610000 [3]四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司,四川成都610051

出　　处：《石油管材与仪器》2025年第1期95-100,共6页Petroleum Tubular Goods & Instruments

摘　　要：柱塞泵是油田注水开发过程中影响注水效率的重要设备。某油田的316L柱塞泵在服役过程中发生了泵头开裂失效,为了确定其失效原因,对该柱塞泵泵头材料的化学成分、金相组织、力学性能及开裂断口形貌进行了试验分析,并对其泵头的应力分布情况进行了有限元模拟分析。结果表明,316L柱塞泵泵头材料的化学成分、金相组织和拉伸试验结果均符合ASTM A473-01标准的要求。该柱塞泵泵头为疲劳开裂失效,其疲劳裂纹起源于内孔表面。柱塞泵泵头疲劳裂纹源区存在较大的结构应力及机加工刀痕缺陷是导致316L柱塞泵泵头开裂失效的主要原因。建议改进柱塞泵泵头的结构设计,降低结构应力,并消除机械加工刀痕缺陷。The plunger pump is one of critical equipment affecting water injection efficiency in the process of oilfield water injection development.In this paper,the causes of pump head cracking failure are systematically studied through the analysis of the chemical composition,metallographic structure,mechanical properties,and fracture morphology of the pump head material.The stress distribution of the pump head structure is simulated with finite element method.The results show that the chemical composition,metallurgical structure and tensile results of the 316L plunger pump head meet the requirements of ASTM A473-01.The failure mode is mainly fatigue failure,with the fatigue crack originating from the inner surface of the bore.Excessive structural stress and machining defects in the fatigue crack source area are the main reasons for the cracking failure of the 316L plunger pump head.It is recommended that the structural design of the pump head be improved to reduce the structural stress and to ensure the bore finish to avoid machining defects.

关 键 词：316L不锈钢 柱塞泵泵头 疲劳失效 失效分析 

分 类 号：TE934[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]