社区人群自我健康管理理论及运用研究进展  

A systematic evaluation of theories and research on self-health management interventions for community populations

作　　者：黎婉钰 顾超 张敏 金花 于德华 LI Wanyu;GU Chao;ZHANG Min;JIN Hua;YU Dehua(Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200090,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]同济大学医学院,上海200090 [2]上海市青浦区夏阳街道社区卫生服务中心,上海201799 [3]上海市青浦区赵巷镇社区卫生服务中心,上海201703 [4]同济大学附属杨浦医院全科医学科,上海200090 [5]上海市全科医学与社区卫生发展研究中心,上海200090 [6]同济大学医学院全科医学研究中心

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2025年第1期115-121,共7页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72104183);上海市领军人才计划项目(YDH-20170627);上海市“医苑新星”青年医学人才培养资助计划项目(沪卫人事〔2021〕99号;沪卫人事〔2024〕70);上海市杨浦区中心医院学科带头人攀登计划(Ye2202103);上海市青浦区卫生健康系统第五轮学科建设和人才培养项目(YY2023-46)。

摘　　要：基于当前慢性病患者人数的增加以及人们对健康管理需求的不断增长,自我健康管理的重要性日益凸显,社区居民实施有效的自我管理有助于提升慢性病管理效果、促进健康生活方式、减轻医疗系统负担、提高健康意识。随着健康教育和行为研究的发展,健康信念模型、自我效能理论、计划行为理论、社会认知理论、自我决定理论等健康行为改变理论模型以及PRECEDE-PROCEED模型、IKAP模型、CCM模型、跨理论模型、IMB模型、BCW模型等干预模型应运而生。这些理论和模型为健康教育和干预方案提供了理论基础,通过精确了解其在不同社区环境中的作用和效果,帮助医务人员和政策制定者设计更符合社区特征的健康促进项目。本文综述了当前在国内外社区人群中应用的主要自我健康管理理论、模型创立信息、理论基础、应用领域和局限性以及在实际应用中,不同研究方案下的干预策略和相关干预措施,探讨了这些理论和模型如何促进健康行为的改变和慢性病的有效管理。通过综合分析,本文强调了在提升社区人群自我管理能力方面,理论与模型的实践应用价值,以及将现代信息技术融入健康管理实践的重要性和潜力。Based on the current increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases and the growing demand for health management,the importance of self-health management is becoming more and more prominent,and the implementation of effective self-management by community residents can help to improve the effectiveness of chronic disease management,promote healthy lifestyles,reduce the burden on the healthcare system,and raise health awareness.With the development of health education and behavioral research,health behavior change theory models such as the health belief model,self-efficacy theory,planned behavior theory,social cognitive theory,and self-determination theory,as well as intervention models such as the PRECEDE-PROCEED model,the IKAP model,the CCM model,the trans-theoretical model,the IMB model,and the BCW model,have emerged.These theories and models provide a theoretical foundation for health education and intervention programs,and help health professionals and policy makers design health promotion programs that are more in line with the characteristics of the community by accurately understanding their role and effectiveness in different community settings.This paper reviews the major self-health management theories and models currently applied in community populations at home and abroad,their founding information,theoretical foundations,areas of application and limitations,as well as intervention strategies related to interventions under different research protocols in practical applications,and explores how these theories and models can contribute to changes in health behaviors and the effective management of chronic diseases.Through comprehensive analysis,this paper emphasizes the practical application of theories and models in enhancing the self-management capacity of community populations,and the importance and potential of integrating modern information technology into health management practices.

关 键 词：自我管理 社区健康管理 理论 模型 

分 类 号：R197.61[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]