资源环境要素市场风险防范的公法进路--以自愿碳市场为例  

Public Law Approach to Risk Prevention in Resource and Environmental Element Markets:A Case Study of the Voluntary Carbon Market

作　　者：秦天宝[1] 姚远 Qin Tianbao;Yao Yuan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《学术研究》2025年第1期67-76,179,共11页Academic Research

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“生态文明领域统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治研究”(23JJD820014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自愿碳市场作为“人造市场”,涉及复杂的行政管理和市场运作,其在资源配置和实现环境目标的过程中呈现出明显的复杂性和不确定性。这些风险主要包括可信度风险、透明度风险和活跃度风险,它们在市场运作中逐步积累。考虑到这些风险的公共属性,完全消除它们既不可行也不必要,而是应当将其控制在一个合理的范围内进行管理。因此,采用风险分配的方法是一种有效的风险防范策略,而标准化的风险分配模式则是一种适当的选择。这种模式强调,公权力应该居于风险分配的核心位置,通过制定标准来引导市场主体按照这些标准行事,确保市场接受的风险维持在合理范围内,并使风险在不同市场主体间得到合理的分配和管理,进而推动市场的健康发展。在这一框架下,可在供应、需求和监管层面引入具体的制度措施,如建立碳信用额度的界定标准、提高买方行为的规范化引导以及推动数字化流程和标准化条款的交易合同实施,从而共同构建一个完整的风险防范体系。这种公法模式不仅适用于自愿碳市场,也为其他资源环境市场的风险管理提供了宝贵的经验和可行的路径。As a“man-made market”,the voluntary carbon market involves complex administrative management and market operations,and presents notable complexities and uncertainties in the process of resource allocation and achieving environmental goals.These risks mainly include credibility risk,transparency risk,and activity risk,which accumulate progressively in market operations.Given the public nature of these risks,it is neither feasible nor necessary to completely eliminate them;instead,they should be managed within a reasonable scope.Therefore,adopting a risk allocation approach is an effective risk prevention strategy,and a standardized risk allocation model is an appropriate choice.This model emphasizes that public authority should play a central role in risk allocation,guiding market participants to act according to established standards,ensuring that the risks accepted by the market remain within a reasonable range,and facilitating the rational distribution and management of risks among different market participants,thus promoting the healthy development of the market.Within this framework,specific institutional measures can be introduced at the supply,demand,and regulatory levels,such as establishing carbon credit definition standards,enhancing the standardized guidance of buyer behavior,and promoting the implementation of digital processes and standardized contract terms in trading agreements,thereby jointly constructing a complete risk prevention system.This public law model not only applies to the voluntary carbon market but also provides valuable experience and feasible pathways for risk management in other resource and environmental markets.

关 键 词：自愿碳市场 公共风险 风险分配 政府规制 标准化模式 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]