上海市宝山区934名老年人生活现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis of the Living Situation and Influencing Factors in 934 Elderly People in Baoshan District of Shanghai

作　　者：刘效峰[1] 钱婷 张正琪 姜迪霞 王娜 Liu Xiaofeng;Qian Ting;Zhang Zhengqi;Jiang Dixia;Wang Na(Baoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baoshan District,Shanghai,201901,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901 [2]上海市宝山区顾村镇人民政府,上海201906 [3]上海市宝山区淞南镇社区卫生服务中心,上海200441

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第12期7-11,共5页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-06);上海市宝山区传染病流行病学重点学科项目(BSZK-2023-A20);上海市宝山区科学技术委员会科技创新专项资金项目(20-E-55)。

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市宝山区60岁及以上老年人的生活现状,初步探索其影响因素,为老年健康服务政策的制定提供参考依据。方法:2024年1—3月采用等比例分层随机抽样的方法,在宝山区12个街/镇中,随机抽取934名60岁及以上常住老年人为研究对象。采用定量调查和定性调查相结合的方法开展调查,内容包括个人基本情况、生活状态、养老需求及对养老服务和社区健康科普的建议等,采用logistic回归分析对老年人生活状态的影响因素进行分析。结果:62.7%的被访老年人表示目前生活充实,16.5%的老年人身边无老伴陪伴,12.8%的老年人处于独居状态。老年人的年龄、收入、兴趣爱好和居住情况对生活状态均有显著影响。兴趣爱好多、收入高、年纪轻、与配偶同住的老年人自我感觉生活更充实。57.8%的被访老年人认为最理想的养老方式为“社区居家养老”,“助餐”“助医”“心理关怀”是需求最多的3项,在所有选项中分别占36.8%、35.9%和17.3%。结论:老年人群健康和养老需求存在个体差异,老年人健康和养老工作需要结合老年人群的不同特点,以需求为导向,政府各部门和家庭共同参与。OBJECTIVE To understand the current living situation of population aged 60 and above,and to explore preliminary factors that influence their well-being,in order to inform the development of policies for elderly health services.METHODS A pro⁃portional stratified random sampling method was used to select 934 elderly people aged 60 and above from 12 towns in Baoshan dis⁃trict.A combination of quantitative and qualitative surveys was conducted,including personal basic information,living situation,elderly care needs,and suggestions for elderly health services and community health education.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the factors influencing the living status of the elderly.RESULTS 62.7%of the interviewed elderly people reported that their current lives were fulfilling,16.5%of them had no spouse accompanying them,and 12.8%of them lived alone.Age,in⁃come,interests and living with whom all had significant impact on their living conditions.Elderly individuals with more interests,higher annual income,younger age and living with their spouse felt their lives were more fulfilling.57.8%of the interviewed elderly people believed that the most ideal form of elderly care was“community-based home care”,with“meal assistance”“medical as⁃sistance”and“psychological care”being the top 3 most needed services,accounting for 36.8%,35.9%,and 17.3%,respec⁃tively.CONCLUSION There are individual differences in the health and elderly care needs of the elderly population.Elderly health and elderly care work need to be tailored to the different characteristics of the elderly population,guided by their needs,and in⁃volve the participation of government departments and families.

关 键 词：60岁及以上老年人 生活现状 影响因素 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]