养老院老年人听力损失与认知功能的关系:社会隔离与抑郁的链式中介作用  

The Relationship between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Function:A Chain Mediation of Social Isolation and Depression

作　　者：周馨雅 许智星 饶文艺 吴凡 Zhou Xinya;Xu Zhixing;Rao Wenyi;Wu Fan(Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan,Hubei,430023,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学,湖北武汉430023

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第12期79-82,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科研计划中青年人才项目(Q20211607)。

摘　　要：目的:研究养老院老年人听力损失与认知功能之间的关系,分析社会隔离和抑郁在其中的链式中介作用。方法:2022年6—8月,在武汉市两所公立养老院调查了215名≥60岁且居住时间≥1年的老年人。采用便携式手持听力测量仪对研究对象的双耳进行每1耳0.5 kHz、1 kHz、2 kHz、4 kHz处平均气导听阈测量。使用简易智能精神状态量表、Lubben社会网络量表-6和老年抑郁量表测量认知功能、社会隔离和抑郁得分。结果:养老院老年人的认知功能得分与听力损失、抑郁得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.34、-0.24,P<0.01),与社会隔离得分呈显著正相关(r=0.30,P<0.01)。听力损失与社会隔离得分呈负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.01),与抑郁得分呈显著正相关(r=0.15,P<0.01)。Bootstrap中介效应显示,社会隔离的中介效应值为-0.015,抑郁的中介效应、社会隔离和抑郁的链式中介效应不显著。结论:听力损失和社会隔离对养老院老年人的认知功能具有重要影响,早期筛查听力、及早对养老院老年人的听力水平进行干预,并努力改善他们的社会隔离状况,有助于延缓老年人认知功能损害程度。OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive function,and the chain mediating effect of social isolation and depression among elderly residents in nursing homes.METHODS From June to August 2022,a total of 215 older adults aged 60 and above were recruited in two nursing homes in Wuhan.A portable handheld audiometer was applied to measure the average air conduction thresholds at frequencies of 0.5 kHz,1 kHz,2 kHz,and 4 kHz for each ear.Cognitive function,social isolation,and depression were measured by the Mini-mental State Examination,the Lubben Social Network Scale-6,and the Geriatric Depression Scale,respectively.RESULTS The cognitive function scores of older adults in nursing homes exhibited a significant negative association with hearing loss and depression(r=-0.34,-0.24,P<0.01),while demonstrating a significant positive association with social isolation(r=0.30,P<0.01).Hearing loss was negatively associated with social isolation(r=-0.18,P<0.01)and showed a significant positive correlation with depression(r=0.15,P<0.01).The bootstrap mediation analyses revealed that the mediating effect of social isolation was-0.015.However,the mediation effects of depression,as well as the chain mediation effects of social isolation and depression,were found to be non-significant.CONCLUSION Both hearing loss and social isolation have significant impacts on the cognitive function of older adults in nursing homes.Early hearing screening and timely intervention to prevent hearing loss,as well as addressing social isolation among older adults,may contribute to delay the extent of cognitive impairment.

关 键 词：认知功能 听力损失 社会隔离 抑郁 老年人 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]