天水市社区老年人心理健康状况调查及影响因素分析  

Investigation on the Mental Health Status and Influencing Factors of the Elderly Community Members in Tianshui of Gansu

作　　者：刘惠君 张子明[1] 李刚[1] 王刚平[1] 焦金 汪颖 侯宁[1] 何莉萍[1] 何瑛 李娟娟 赵芳 刘耀乾 Liu Huijun;Zhng Ziming;Li Gang;Wang Gangping;Jiao Jin;Wang Ying;Hou Ning;He Liping;He Ying;Li Juanjuan;Zhao Fang;Liu Yaoqian(The Third People’s Hospital of Tianshui,Tianshui,Gansu,741000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]天水市第三人民医院,甘肃天水741000 [2]宁德师范学院,福建宁德352100

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第12期83-87,共5页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：天水市科技局民生项目(2021y033)。

摘　　要：目的:了解天水市60岁及以上社区老年人心理健康现状及其影响因素。方法:2020年5-9月,采取分层整群抽样方法抽取甘肃省天水市秦州、麦积2个城区≥60岁1010名社区老年人作为调查对象。采用自制人口学资料调查表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、UCLA孤独量表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)对社区老年人心理健康现况进行调查。结果:社区老年人焦虑及抑郁检出率分别为7.43%和8.32%,中等及以上孤独感老年人占8.02%,低等幸福感老年人占0.2%;社区老年人SAS、SDS、UCLA和MUNSH总分分别为(31.94±7.83)分、(31.45±9.20)分、(24.90±6.34)分及(33.13±4.50)分;多重线性回归分析结果显示,居住方式、退休前就业、经济来源、心情及情绪和患有慢性病是社区老年人SAS得分的影响因素;婚姻、居住方式、退休前就业、经济来源和心情及情绪是社区老年人SDS和UCLA得分的影响因素;婚姻、退休前就业、参与社区活动、心情及情绪和患有慢性病是社区老年人MUNSH得分的影响因素。结论:天水市部分社区老年人存在一定程度的焦虑、抑郁和孤独状况、主观幸福感低,居住方式、退休前就业、经济来源、心情及情绪是社区老年人心理健康的主要影响因素,应采取针对性的综合心理干预措施,改善社区老年人的不良情绪,维护身心健康。OBJECTIVE To investigate the mental health status and influencing factors of the elderly aged 60 and above in Tianshui.METHODS Using the stratified cluster sampling method,1010 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected from the Qinzhou and Maiji districts of Tianshui.The self-made demographic questionnaire,Self-Rating anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),UCLA Loneliness Scale and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH)were used to investigate the mental health status of the elderly in the community.RESULTS The detection rates of elderly community members’anxiety and depression were 7.43%and 8.32%respectively,and the middle and above loneliness accounted for 8.02%and 0.2%of low happiness.The SAS score of community elderly was(31.94±7.83),the SDS score was(31.45±9.20),the UCLA was(24.90±6.34),and the MUNSH was(33.13±4.50).The results of multiple liner regression analysis showed that living style,employment before retirement,economic source,mood and emotion and suffering from chronic diseases were the influencing fac⁃tors of SAS score of community elderly.Marriage,living style,employment before retirement,economic source,mood and emo⁃tion were the influencing factors of SDS and UCLA score of community elderly.Marriage,employment before retirement,participa⁃tion in community activities,mood and emotion,and suffering from chronic diseases were the influencing factors of MUNSH score of community elderly.CONCLUSION Most of the elderly in Tianshui community while few of them have anxiety,depression,loneli⁃ness,and low subjective happiness.Living style,employment before retirement,economic source,mood and emotion are the main influencing factors for the mental health of community elderly.Therefore,targeted comprehensive psychological intervention measures should be taken to improve the bad emotions of the elderly in community and maintain their physical and mental health.

关 键 词：焦虑 抑郁 孤独感 主观幸福感 社区老年人 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]