海洋生态系统中砷的生物累积和生物转化机制  

ARSENIC BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION MECHANISMS IN MARINE ECOSYSTEM

作　　者：陈李招 连泰鑫 张黎[1] CHEN Li-Zhao;LIAN Tai-Xin;ZHANG Li(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第1期135-153,共19页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(423CXTD392);中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO2023QY04);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201010198)资助。

摘　　要：砷是一种在自然环境中广泛分布的有毒元素,能够通过生物累积和食物链传递,对生态系统及人类健康构成威胁。砷污染问题已经成为河口与沿海区域不容忽视的环境问题之一。本章综述了海洋浮游动植物、多毛类、软体动物、虾蟹类及鱼类中砷的生物累积与转化作用,同时总结了内源性与外源性因素对海洋生物砷累积与转化的影响,进一步揭示了海洋生物通过独特的生物代谢过程,将高毒性的无机砷转化为低毒性的甲基砷,并生成无毒的砷糖和砷甜菜碱等有机砷形态的普遍规律,发现海洋生物体内的有机砷具有更高的生物可利用性,是导致海洋生物中砷富集的重要原因。鉴于海洋生物高砷富集的复杂性与特殊性,未来研究应进一步探究海洋生物中砷累积与转化的影响因素和分子机制,以期深入揭示海洋生物对砷的富集与代谢规律。Arsenic is a toxic element that is widely distributed in natural environments,posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health through trophic transfer along food chains.Arsenic pollution has emerged as a critical environmental concern in estuarine and nearshore areas.This review provides an overview of the bioaccumulation and transformation patterns of arsenic across various marine organisms,including phytoplankton,zooplankton,polychaetes,shellfish,shrimp,crabs,and marine fish.Marine organisms can accumulate high concentrations of arsenic,predominantly in the forms of arsenobetaine and arsenosugars,reflecting unique bioaccumulation and transformation mechanisms.Through biotransformation processes,marine organisms can convert highly toxic inorganic arsenic into less toxic organic arsenic compounds.Organic arsenic exhibits greater bioavailability compared to inorganic arsenic,thereby contributing to higher concentrations of arsenic in marine organisms.Additionally,both endogenous and exogenous factors influencing arsenic accumulation and transformation in these organisms.Given the complexity and specificity of arsenic enrichment in marine systems,future research should prioritize investigate the molecular mechanisms of arsenic bioaccumulation and transformation across diverse marine species.

关 键 词：砷 海洋生物 生物累积 生物转化 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]