海南东部海域甲壳类群落结构特征及其环境影响因子  

Crustacean Community Structure Characteristics and Its Environmental Influencing Factors in Eastern Waters of Hainan

作　　者：李炳楠 胡梓阳 董建宇 吕少梁 陈宁 初庆柱[1] 王学锋[1] LI Bingnan;HU Ziyang;DONG Jianyu;LYU Shaoliang;CHEN Ning;CHU Qingzhu;WANG Xuefeng(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2024年第6期50-58,共9页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：亚洲合作资金项目“中国与印度尼西亚近海海洋生态牧场技术合作研究”(12500101200021002);国家自然科学基金(42306159);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515110957);广东海洋大学本科生创新团队项目(CCTD201803);广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302022301;060302022302)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解水深50 m以深海域甲壳类生物群落结构及其与环境因子的相互联系,为渔业的可持续利用政策制定提供重要依据。【方法】于2019年春、秋季在海南东部海域开展拖网调查。用物种多样性指数、相对重要性指数、冗余分析(RDA)和物种数量密度与质量密度比较(ABC)曲线等方法,综合分析甲壳类的种类组成、资源密度、优势种、多样性、环境因子与物种分布的关系以及受扰程度。【结果】共鉴定甲壳类60种,其中春季36种,隶属于2目14科26属;秋季49种,隶属于2目21科34属;两季共有种为25种。优势种方面,春、秋季共同优势种为卷折馒头蟹(Calappa lophos)、武士蟳(Charybdis miles)和银光梭子蟹(Portunus argentatus);秋季比春季增加了凹管鞭虾(Solenocera koelbeli)。秋季的甲壳类平均数量资源密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J')平均值均高于春季,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。RDA结果显示,春季环境因子共解释62.09%甲壳类总分布变化,甲壳类密度分布受水深的影响显著(P<0.05);秋季环境因子共解释74.31%甲壳类分布变化,甲壳类密度分布受水深、盐度和pH影响显著(P<0.05)。ABC曲线结果显示,春、秋季皆为中等受扰状态。【结论】海南东部海域甲壳类种类丰富,但群落均受到中等干扰。【Objective】To explore the community structure of crustaceans in sea areas with a depth of over 50 meters and their relationship with environmental factors,and provide important insights for the formulation of sustainable fishery management policies.【Method】Trawl surveys were conducted in the eastern waters of Hainan in the spring and autumn of 2019.The species composition,resource density,dominant species,diversity,relationships between environmental factors and species distribution,as well as disturbance levels,were comprehensively analyzed using species diversity indices,the Index of Relative Importance(IRI),redundancy analysis(RDA),and the Abundance-biomass comparison(ABC)curve.【Result】A total of 60 crustacean species were identified,with 36 species found in the spring,belonging to 2 orders,14 families,and 26 genera,and 49 species found in the autumn,belonging to 2 orders,21 families,and 34 genera.Overall,25 species were common across both seasons.The common dominant species in both spring and autumn were Calappa lophos,Charybdis miles,and Portunus argentatus;an additional dominant species in autumn was Solenocera koelbeli.The average resource density in terms of tail counts,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),Margalef richness index(D),and Pielou's evenness index(J')in autumn were higher than in spring,though the differences were not significant(P>0.05).RDA results showed that environmental factors in spring explained 62.09%of the total variation in crustacean distribution,with crustacean density significantly influenced by water depth(P<0.05).In autumn,environmental factors explained 74.31%of the variation,with crustacean density significantly influenced by water depth,salinity,and pH(P<0.05).The ABC curve indicated a moderate disturbance level in both spring and autumn.【Conclusion】The eastern waters of Hainan have a rich diversity of crustacean species,but the communities are subject to moderate disturbances.

关 键 词：甲壳类 群落结构 海南东部海域 环境因子 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]