稻萍共生模式下闽北稻田的土壤固碳效应分析  

Analysis of Soil Carbon Sequestration Effect in Paddy Field of Northern Fujian Under the Mode of Integrated Rice-Azolla imbricata Cropping

作　　者：郑慧芬[1,2] 李振武 邓素芳[1,2] 陈志彤 应朝阳[1,2] ZHENG Hui-fen;LI Zhen-wu;DENG Su-fang;CHEN Zhi-tong;YING Zhao-yang(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;National Azolla Resource Germplasm Center,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]国家红萍种质资源圃,福建福州350013

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2024年第12期75-82,共8页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);福建省人民政府、中国农业科学院“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021010);福建省科技计划省属公益类项目(2021R1021001);国家作物种质资源库南方绿肥分库(NCGRC-2024-59)。

摘　　要：土壤碳固存可改善土壤质量、保障粮食安全和减缓气候变化。稻萍共生是我国传统的稻作方式,能提高水稻产量。然而,尚不清楚短期内稻萍共生对水稻土壤碳固存的影响。为探寻稻萍共生模式对南方稻田土壤碳固存的影响,在闽北进行了田间试验,设置3种不同的田间管理措施,分别为不施肥处理(CK)、常规化学施肥处理(F)以及常规化学施肥联合稻萍共生处理(FA),测定水稻净初级生产力、总固碳量、土壤异氧呼吸CO_(2)排放量和CH4排放量,并计算稻田净生态系统碳收支(NECB)和土壤有机碳(SOC)的固存速率。结果表明:稻萍共生能显著提高水稻净初级生产力、水稻总固碳量以及土壤异氧呼吸CO_(2)排放总量(P<0.05),但FA与F间的CH4排放量没有显著差异。不同处理的生态系统净碳收支范围为2751.04~4900.61 kg·hm^(-2),表明所有处理都是净碳汇。而且,FA显著提高了生态系统净碳收支和土壤有机碳的固存速率(P<0.05)。研究显示常规化学施肥联合稻萍共生处理是提高中国东南部稻田SOC固存的有效管理方法,在减缓气候变化方面具有较大潜力。Soil carbon sequestration can improve the soil quality,ensure the food security and mitigate the climate change.The integrated rice-Azolla imbricata cropping is a traditional rice cultivation method in China,which can increase the rice yield.However,the short-term effects of integrated rice-Azolla imbricata cropping on the carbon sequestration in paddy soil remain unclear.In order to explore the effect of integrated rice-Azolla imbricata cropping model on soil carbon sequestration in paddy fields in southern China,a field experiment was carried out in northern Fujian,and three different field management measures were set up,which were no fertilization treatment(CK),conventional chemical fertilization treatment(F)and the conventional chemical fertilization combined with integrated rice-Azolla imbricata cropping(FA).Then,the net primary productivity(NPP),total carbon sequestration,CO_(2) and CH4 emissions from soil heterotrophic respiration were measured,and the net ecosystem carbon budget(NECB)and the sequestration rate of soil organic carbon(SOC)were calculated.The results showed that the integrated rice-Azolla imbricata cropping could significantly increase the net primary productivity of rice,the total carbon sequestration of rice and the total amount of CO_(2) emitted by soil heterotrophic respiration(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in CH4 emission between FA and F in the paddies.The net ecosystem carbon budget of different treatments ranged from 2751.04 to 4900.61 kg·hm^(-2),indicating that all treatments were net carbon sinks.Moreover,FA significantly increased the net ecosystem carbon budget and soil organic carbon sequestration rate(P<0.05).These results have shown that the conventional chemical fertilization combined with the integrated rice-Azolla imbricata cropping was an effective management method to improve the SOC sequestration in paddy fields in southeastern China and had great potential in mitigating the climate change.

关 键 词：稻萍共生 净初级生产力 CH_(4)排放量 生态系统净碳收支 碳固存速率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]