选择性加氢脱氯合成烯烃研究进展  

Research progress in the synthesis of olefins by selective hydrodechlorination

作　　者：杨晨 毛伟[1] 董兴宗 田松 赵锋伟[1] 吕剑[1] YANG Chen;MAO Wei;DONG Xingzong;TIAN Song;ZHAO Fengwei;LYU Jian(State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemical,Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《化工学报》2025年第1期53-70,共18页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22072112);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY2-JCYJ-02);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLGY13-09)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着乙烯、丙烯等脂肪族不饱和化合物用量日益剧增,利用选择性加氢脱氯技术将多氯代烃转化为这类高附加值化学品受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注,其核心在于高性能催化剂的设计与制备。首先综述了加氢脱氯合成烯烃用催化剂的研究进展,重点归纳总结了催化剂活性组分如Pd、Pt的几何结构、电子结构以及催化助剂、制备方法等对烯烃生成的影响规律。其次,从动力学、理论计算等方面对催化选择性加氢脱氯合成烯烃反应机理进行了概述。此外,总结了造成催化剂失活的四个主要因素。最后指出,基于金属氟化物在高温强腐蚀性HCl气氛下结构保持稳定、易于实现调控载体与活性组分之间相互作用等特点,设计制备金属氟化物负载型Pd、Pt催化剂,是实现温和条件下选择性加氢脱氯合成烯烃的一个重要途径。In recent years,with the increasing consumption of aliphatic unsaturated compounds such as ethylene and propylene in modern society,the transformation of halogenated compounds to above high-value chemicals via the selective hydrodechlorination technology has attracted much attention in both of academia and industry.The core is the design and preparation of high-performance catalysts.This paper first reviews the research progress of catalysts for hydrodechlorination to olefins,focusing on summarizing the influence of the geometric structure,electronic structure,catalytic promoter,and preparation method of the active components of the catalysts such as Pd and Pt on the formation of olefins.Then,the progress of mechanism in the synthesis of olefins via catalytic selective hydrodechlorination is summarized from dynamics and theoretical calculations.Furthermore,four main reasons of catalyst deactivation are summarized.Finally,based on the structural stability of metal fluoride under high temperature and strong corrosive atmosphere such as HCl,and easily achieving interaction between supports and active components,the development of Pd-based and Pt-based supported metal fluoride catalysts is a significant rote to synthesizing olefins via the selective hydrodechlorination.

关 键 词：催化剂载体 选择性 活性 加氢脱氯 烯烃 贵金属催化剂 

分 类 号：TQ203.2[化学工程—有机化工]