晚清士绅的经济生活——以徽州进士汪宗沂往来家书为中心的考察  

The Economic Life of Gentries in the Late Qing Dynasty—An Examination Centred on the Family Letters of Wang Zongyi in Huizhou Area

作　　者：陶良琴 TAO Liangqin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国历史地理研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《安徽大学学报(哲社版)》2025年第1期13-23,共11页Journal of Anhui University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清徽州民间纠纷文书整理与研究”(21BZS069)。

摘　　要：晚清徽州进士汪宗沂与其长子汪福熙的往来家书,为系统研究士绅长时段的经济生活提供了弥足珍贵的原始个案资料。汪宗沂早年游历于曾国藩幕府时年薪约300两,中进士后,在李瀚章和李鸿章幕府任幕僚时年入约700两,任山长时年入约500两。除入幕、从教外,汪宗沂还凭借百亩田产的收入和为他人看地、治病所得来维持家用。汪宗沂的经济理念主要表现为多元治生与勤俭节用并举,重视事关家族建设的长远投资,立德行善时不计金钱,积极承担士绅的经济职责。汪宗沂先后任高级幕府幕僚和书院山长的治生经历及其经济理念,为其家族发展奠定了良好的经济、政治、文化资本,是其家族长盛不衰的重要因素。这一个案探讨也为研究近代士绅阶层的家族兴衰与变迁,提供了可资观察的新视角。The correspondence between Jinshi Wang Zongyi in Huizhou Area and his eldest son Wang Fuxi provides valuable original evidence for the systematic study of the long-term economic life of gentries in the late Qing Dynasty.In his early years,Wang Zongyi served as an advisor for Zeng Guofan and earned an annual salary of approximately 300 taels.After passing the imperial examinations,he served as an advisor for Li Hanzhang and Li Hongzhang with an annual income of about 700 taels,and as the head of an academy with an annual income of around 500 taels.In addition to his role as advisor and academy head,Wang Zongyi also supported his family with the income from the 100 mu of land and from feng shui inspections and medical treatments for others.Wang Zongyi's economic philosophy was mainly manifested in his pursuit of diversified means of living combined with diligence and thrift,his emphasis on long-term investments related to family development,his generosity in moral and benevolent deeds regardless of financial cost and his active assumption of economic responsibilities as a gentry.Wang Zongyi's experiences as a senior advisor for political officials and head of an academy,along with his economic philosophy,laid a solid foundation of economic,political,and cultural capital for the development of his family,serving as a crucial factor in the enduring prosperity of his lineage.This case study also offers a new perspective for observing the rise and fall,as well as the changes,of families within the gentry class in modern times.

关 键 词：晚清 徽州 士绅 经济生活 家书 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]